A new design strategy reported in Angewandte Chemie by Guo et al. involving the doping of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with boron and nitrogen atoms leads to an increase of the diradical character and offers potential applications in the fields of organic electronics and spintronics.

Metabolites are essential building blocks required for cellular function. Yet, like proteins, they tend to form toxic aggregates. Here, we expand the resemblance between protein and metabolite self-assembly, discussing the metastability of the soluble state of the latter. We suggest that a quality-control network, termed “metabolostasis”, has evolved to regulate the storage and retrieval of aggregation-prone metabolites and prevent disease onset.

Halide perovskites have emerged as competitive scintillators for X-ray detection and imaging owing to their intrinsic characteristics. This minireview summarizes strategies for improving the light yield of halide perovskite scintillators and offers a roadmap for advancing the X-ray imaging performance. Additionally, methods for controlling the light propagation direction in halide perovskite scintillators are highlighted for improving X-ray imaging resolution.

Electrode design is key to developing electrochemical gas reduction reactions for sustainable production of high-value chemicals. This review examines the present challenges in electrode design, proposes a desirable electrode that mitigates the challenges, and provides practical solutions to construct such an electrode based on recent research.

Glycosyl radical diversification has emerged as one of the most powerful approaches to access various categories of valuable glycosyl compounds. Advances in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling and metallaphotoredox catalysis offer new avenues for constructing these sugar molecules with high efficiency and stereoselectivity. A summary of the most recent developments in glycosyl radical functionalization methods for carbohydrate synthesis is highlighted in this Review.

A kinetically inert platinum organometallic antitumor agent that is remarkably potent in vivo was designed and synthesized. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, the authors demonstrate the power of kinetic inertness in improving the therapeutic benefits of platinum-based anticancer chemotherapy by overcoming platinum resistance and ameliorating nephrotoxicity.

A new strategy has been developed to design and construct endosomal escape peptides. By substituting the Arg/Lys residues in cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) with histidine, peptides with pH-dependent membrane-perturbation activity have been obtained. These peptides can mediate the endosomal escape of peptide/protein cargoes upon antibody-targeted delivery, allowing potential applications such as protein delivery and gene editing.

Through the combination of linker exchange and linkage conversion strategies, we have achieved the regulation of flexibility of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and revealed the impact of different flexibility degree on properties of COFs, including breathing behavior, self-adaptability, and selective gas sorption.

A stable, multifunctional (diboronmethyl)iodide reagent (CH(Bpin)₂I) was synthesized for the photoinduced cyclopropanation of alkenes, providing an array of 1,2-substituted cyclopropylboronates. The transformation exhibits operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group compatibility, high chemo- and diastereoselectivity, and practicality for the late-stage modification of complex molecules.

Singlet to triplet intersystem crossing can be inhibited in organic chromophore assemblies within crystalline porous MOFs due to a diminished Franck-Condon overlap between spatially disparate singlet (delocalized) and triplet (localized) wavefunctions. Singlet fission—occurring through an electron superexchange process—can be a viable route to achieve high-yield, low-energy triplets in framework-based energy conversion systems.

A series of near-infrared emitting (NIR) compounds based on earth-abundant binuclear Cu^I complexes is presented. Two π-stacking interactions are found in their solid-state structure yielding doubly locked architectures that help to suppress excited state flattening distortions and quenching. The complexes have been successfully used in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), and unprecedented NIR electroluminescence (EL) with Cu^I compounds was achieved.

Click chemistry was used to prepare TC-Thio, a new artificial metallo-nuclease. TC-Thio coordinates up to three Cu^II ions and is a potent DNA damaging agent that binds and cleaves from the minor groove. Activity was assessed in primary human cells using single molecule imaging of DNA.

Chiroptical spectroscopies are key to determine the absolute configuration of solvated compounds. Their reliability critically depends on computed Boltzmann factors which are, however, intrinsically inaccurate. Combining a genetic algorithm and a hierarchical clustering analysis enables a major improvement of the analysis of chiroptical spectra and the reliability of the assignment.

The cost and energy density of dual-ion batteries pose obstacles to their commercialization as large-scale energy storage devices. Here we address these issues by proposing a design strategy of graphite materials that involves a large interlayer distance and abundant doping of heteroatoms. This approach enables the realization of high-rate and high-capacity dual-ion batteries as well as dual-carbon batteries.

A biocompatible MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) supported Ru single-atom nanozyme (Ru₁/LDH SAE) was developed to mimic multi-enzymes. Ru₁/LDH SAE shows high intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity, which outperforms the Ru nanoclusters nanozyme by a factor of 20 and surpasses most SAEs reported so far.

Pyrazine was adopted as axial coordination agent for the first time to construct core–shell BiVO₄@metal polyphthalocyanine photoanode. The axial coordination of pyrazine facilitated the carrier transfer across the BiVO₄ and metal phthalocyanine interface and endowed ZnCoFe polyphthalocyanine with lower Fe d band center and orbital spin, which improved the OER activity by promoting the *OOH desorption.

A sensitive and specific lateral flow assay for eosinophil peroxidase using a new protein-activated RNA-cleaving DNAzyme can detect the protein in patient sputum with a total assay time of 40 min to diagnose eosinophilic airway disease.

A suitable amount of carbon in h-BN catalyst effectively inhibits the excessive oxidation of BCN in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). Density functional theory calculations show that the presence of dispersed rather than aggregated carbon atoms can affect the electronic microenvironment of h-BN to render a superior catalytic performance.

An oriented external electric field (EEF) catalyzes Diels–Alder reactions in one direction and inhibits them in the other. The inhibitory direction becomes rate-enhancing with increasing EEF. The EEF strength necessary to bring maximum inhibition is defined as the Electrostatic Resistance Point (ERP). ERP values gauge electrostatic interactions between substituents and external electrostatic stimuli.

Sequentially introducing fluorine and cyano functionalities onto trans-1,3-butadiene has led to a series of structurally simple but highly electron-deficient building blocks for semiconducting polymers having unipolar n-type transport character with electron mobilities of >1 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ in organic field-effect transistors. The study offers inspiration for developing structurally simple electron-deficient units for high-performance n-type polymers.

Ionic crosslinking is introduced into high-cationic-ratio AEMs to suppress high water uptake and swelling while further improving the hydroxide conductivity. This strategy limited the dimensional change and water uptake of the AEMs, with a high hydroxide conductivity observed. The chemical design used in this study presents a significant advancement toward developing AEMs showing high conductivity and stability simultaneously for fuel cell applications.

Li doping of MgO critically improves selectivity toward C₂-products in non-oxidative coupling of methane. The presence of Li favors the formation of magnesium acetylide and therefore is likely involved in C₂ formation.

A two nanometer-long molecular device has been synthesised that contains a rigid rod - to provide structural definition - attached to a molecular relay that switches direction in response to an incoming signal. Like natural systems, it responds to temporal changes in a signal, exemplified by the consumption of a molecular fuel, changes that are transmitted down the device.

Yeast-based protein-protein interaction (PPI) screening identified dynamic enzyme complexes and biosynthetic pathways they organize from a rare plant, kratom. PPI screening identified four functional medium-chain dehydrogenases (MsMDRs) interacting with strictosidine β-D-glucosidase (MsSGD), leading to four novel pathway branches. This study highlights how leveraging post-translational regulation features can accelerate the discovery of biosynthetic pathways in plants.

A series of terminally chlorinated and thiophene-linked three-dimensional (3D) dimerized acceptors were reported to explore the effect of chlorination by precisely tuning the position and number of chlorine atoms. The decent performance of PM6:CH8-4 on small-area devices, non-halogen solvent and air-processed devices, and 2.88 cm² solar cell modules highlights the versatile processing capability of our 3D acceptors.

The chiral microenvironment around catalytically active metal clusters in a MOF, PCN-222(Cu), is created by simply grafting chiral molecules (R)−C_n−COOH (n=1, 2, 3). Owing to multi-level modulation such as hydrogen interaction, steric hindrance, and confinement effect caused by the microenvironment, the resulting (R)−C_n@PCN-222(Cu) exhibits high activity and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric ring-opening of cyclohexene oxide with aniline.

The ion transport kinetics, Li⁰ deposition behavior, and electrochemical performances of a dual-ion conducting polymer electrolyte and a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte (SIC) were investigated. The SIC electrolyte showed improved Li⁺ transference number (0.85), uniform Li⁰ morphology, enhanced critical current density (2.4 mA/cm²), and durability of 4500 cycles in Li⁰-LiFePO₄ battery.

A robust fluorine-containing hydrogel was made by incorporating supramolecular nanosheets from fluorinated monomers in a one-pot polymerization. It shows a high lithium adsorption capacity (Q_m Li⁺=122.3 mg g⁻¹) and selectivity for Li⁺. Separation of Li⁺/Na⁺ in actual wastewater is achieved with a separation factor of 153.72. The recovery capability and Li⁺ selectivity are associated with specific coordination between lithium and fluorine.

Ru nanoparticles immobilized on a stable boron carbon nitride (BCN) nanosheet support show excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and stability. The coordination of introduced B and active N sites in BCN provides strong interaction between the Ru and the support, which facilitates Ru dispersity and promotes the catalyst's stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the BCN support can reduce the OER energy barrier and change the adsorption capacity for intermediate products.

This work demonstrates that the metal-nitrogen coupling in anti-perovskite Co₄N can be effective modulated by Cu doping, leading to strongly promoted hydrogenation process during electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO₃⁻RR) to ammonia.

A novel understanding of the topochemical polymerization of bisindenedione in a single crystal has been proposed. The mechanism involves the formation of a triplet excimer, which evolves into a bonded triplet state, followed by propagation and termination.

An automated high throughput platform is developed to screen polymerizations in multidimensions under well controlled and reproducible conditions. Via combining flow chemistry, machine automation and inline analysis, kinetic data libraries with very good accuracy (absolute error <4 %) were built with a large amount of data generated from the platform.

Capitalizing on the aggregation of NPs induces an unusual “single particle-aggregation-single particle” transfer process, which can be established through either ligand-exchange processes or electrostatic interactions. By introducing a jammed NP-polymer assembled layer at the liquid/liquid interface (LLI), the transfer process can be suppressed, opening a new strategy to manipulate the dispersion of nanoparticles in various liquid media.

We surpass the limitation of the existing photothermal catalysis mechanism and propose a photochromic-photothermal catalytic system based on polyol-ligated TiO₂ nanocrystals. Upon sunlight irradiation, the chemically bonded polyols capture holes generated by TiO₂, enabling photogenerated electrons to reduce Ti⁴⁺ to Ti³⁺ and produce oxygen vacancies. This process boosts photothermal efficiency and facilitates polyester glycolysis efficiency.

Electrically conductive pili (e-pili) and magnetite facilitate Geobacter sulfurreducens electron uptake from metallic iron. The complex interactions between e-pili, cytochromes, and magnetite are actively researched in electrobiocorrosion. Magnetite, a common corrosion product, enhances electrobiocorrosion through a positive feedback loop. It reduces the need for cells to create electrical contacts, leading to high corrosion rate.

The positive liquid crystalline material, 4′-heptyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (7CB) is used to functionalize carbon nanotubes (LC-CNT), which can be aligned in the liquid crystalline polyimide (LC-PI) matrix under an alternating electric field to fabricate the thermally conductive LC-CNT/LC-PI composite films. The oriented alignment of LC-CNT in the LC-PI matrix realizes the efficient construction of thermal conduction pathways with low amount of LC-CNT.

The tetrapropylammonium bromide (T3Br) additive in a Li−S electrolyte can trigger the S₃^.− radical pathway, which not only enhances the sulfur redox kinetics but also results in a 3D Li₂S nucleation. In addition, the T3Br additive weakens the solvation structure of Li⁺ and creates a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface on Li anode.

A low temperature and solvent-free method to depolymerize polymers made by ATRP and RAFT is reported. By performing an efficient end-group modification, the modified polymers were subsequently successfully depolymerized, resulting in up to 90 % monomer regeneration at temperatures as low as 220 °C. Importantly, the process was scalable and the monomer produced had high purity and could subsequently be used to make a new batch of polymer.

The mechanistic dichotomy in Zweifel olefination using boronate complexes carrying two different reactive π-systems is explored herein. The synthesis of vinyl heteroarenes and 1,3-dienes with up to 100 % stereoselectivity is demonstrated. A DFT calculations study allowed to highlight the mechanistic dichotomy in the stereoselective formation of E vs. Z-vinyl heteroarenes using different heteroarenes.

A Cu₂O nanoarray with a significant enhancement factor of 3.19×10¹⁰ was developed as a highly sensitive and selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering device for the amplification-free SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing. The nanoarray chip has a low detection limit for the virus, down to 60 copies/mL within 5 min, which also enabled rapid and sensitive point-of-care quantification of other emerging virus variants.

One starting material, two ring-forming steps, and three fusion patterns. A sequence of electrophilic cyclizations enables the first synthesis of dinor[7]helicene, a configurationally stable, redox-active diradicaloid analogue of [7]helicene. Strain-induced rearrangements of larger aromatic precursors provide access to non-benzenoid bis-helicenes, whose open-shell character depends on the connectivity between spin centers.

Introduction of binary additives leads to 2D/3D perovskites with gradient phase distribution and favorable energy funnels, which were constructed to facilitate charge transfer across the devices. The 2D components serve as a “band-aid” to heal the defects and toughen the buried heterointerfaces, yielding an efficiency of 22.5 % for fast-annealed perovskite solar cells.

A mild and direct method has been developed to synthesize polychlorinated heteroatom polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through an intermediate electron donor-acceptor complex. The developed polychlorinated emitter could act as a dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diode as a result of the enhanced π–π interactions of the chlorine atoms.

Selective photoreduction of CO₂ to CH₄, with a CH₄ selectivity of 100 %, is achieved on a CdS/Pt/In₂O₃ photocatalyst. Electronic Pt−In₂O₃ interactions are beneficial for charge separation and CO₂ conversion to CO₂^δ−, which can be easily hydrogenated into CH₄. The enhancement effect of electronic Pt-(metal-oxide) interactions on selective photoreduction of CO₂ to CH₄ may extend to other common Pt/(metal-oxide)-based photocatalysts.

Ultrastable lock-and-key H-bonding networks between octuple-active 2, 7-dinitropyrene-4, 5, 9, 10-tetraone and tetrahedral NH₄⁺ charge carrier are designed, which conquers its stability barrier in aqueous electrolyte and achieves fast diffusion kinetics of non-metallic charge carrier. A unique two-step four-electron NH₄⁺ coordination mechanism brings the Zn-organic battery high capacity, superior rate capability and superstable cyclability.

Hydrolytically degradable block copolymer nanoparticles are prepared via reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) in aqueous media. This one-pot protocol involves reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N,N′-dimethylacrylamide (DMAC) using a monofunctional or bifunctional trithiocarbonate-capped poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) precursor; DMAC monomer initially acts as a co-solvent to solubilize the hydrophobic PCL chains.

A new aqueous hybrid high-pressure electrolyte has been developed by incorporating DMF and PEG400 as co-solvents, enabling the reconfiguration of hydrogen bonding networks in water and control over the interfacial transfer processes. This electrolyte exhibits a wider electrochemical stability window, significantly enhancing the stability and cycling lifespan of assembled zinc ion supercapacitors under high pressure.

Two types of polymerizations, double bond radical polymerization and ring-opening polymerization, were investigated under various polymerization conditions. The effects on monomer conversion, Li⁺-conductivity and interfacial stability show that the double bond radical polymerization is more suitable for the in situ solidification of electrolytes.

Two thiophene-containing covalent organic frameworks were constructed, which enabled overall photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis with high production yields in the absence of sacrificial agents. A synergistic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and water oxidation reaction (WOR) occurred under visible light in water and seawater to produce H₂O₂.

Decarboxylative halogenation typically requires stoichiometric strong oxidants or electrophilic halogenating agents. It is now shown that simple inorganic halide salts can be used for halogenation of N-hydroxyphthalimide-activated carboxylic acids under visible-light photoredox catalysis. Halodecarboxylation proceeded with LiBr and LiCl, and the generality of the conditions was demonstrated by extension to decarboxylative thiocyanation with KSCN.

“Dual-key-and-lock” NIR-II NSCyanine dyes have been developed by harnessing a non-symmetric strategy, which enables activatable liver imaging and therapy with high signal-to-background ratio in extrahepatic diseases, including metastasis-imaging, acute gastritis-imaging, bacteria infected wound healing, and tumor ablation via combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy.

We present efficient synthesis of metallophthalocyanine covalent organic frameworks (COFs) under mixed-metal ionothermal conditions starting from aryl cyanides. These conjugated COFs followed the Irving–Williams series in terms of their metal content, surface areas and pore volumes, thus offering a versatile and highly tunable platform to synthesize various COFs, and showed highly competitive CO₂ capture and conversion properties.

An I(I)/I(III) catalysis-based strategy to access 8-membered carbocycles via the direct carbofunctionalization of 2-phenethyl-substituted 1,3-dienes is disclosed. This strategy to generate densely functionalized, fluorinated benzocyclooctenes is modular and through changes in the oxidation/activation regime and the external nucleophile, the challenging cyclization can be merged with formation of allylic C−O, C−N, and C−C bonds (>30 examples).

Fe-N₄ sites in hierarchical carbon support composed of hollow carbon spheres (Fe-SA/N-HCS) are obtained by a demonstrated in situ anion exchange process, during which the coordinating O atoms in Fe-O₄ configuration are substituted by N atoms. The distinct strategy produces a large quantity of electrochemically accessible Fe-N₄ sites. Thus, Fe-SA/N-HCS is an outstanding electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction and Zn-air batteries.

Hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) is reported as an electrolyte additive to achieve deep cycling of Zn anodes. HMPA reshapes the solvation structures and promotes anion (OTF⁻) decomposition, which in situ forms an inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase. More interestingly, this anion decomposition does not involve HMPA, which is beneficial for its long-term impact on the electrolyte.

To mimetic the membrane-less organelles inside cells, we fabricated coacervates consisting of various components. It is firstly discovered that the crowding coacervates exhibit strong ice growth inhibition activity. It opens a completely new avenue to design ice-controlling materials for the cryopreservation of biological samples and may provide new insights into the survival of freezing-tolerant organisms.

The TriPPPro approach facilitates live-cell imaging of metabolically labeled cellular and viral DNA. The pronucleotide of a modified 2′-deoxycytidine triphosphate allows the incorporation of the fast bioorthogonal 2TCOa label belonging to the iEDDA repertoire. Subsequent staining of the tagged DNA with highly reactive dye-tetrazine conjugates within minutes to hours after dye addition enables the visualization of nucleic acids in real time.

Two fused indacene dimer isomers (s-ID and as-ID) have been synthesized and isolated in single-crystal form. They both display an open-shell singlet ground state. s-ID has localized antiaromaticity on the s-indacene units, while as-ID shows weak global aromaticity. Additionally, as-ID has a larger diradical character and a smaller singlet-triplet gap as compared to s-ID.

Metal porphyrins with a coordinatively unsaturated metal ion are designed for improved O₂ evolution catalysis. By sterically protecting one porphyrin side with a cyclen, five-coordinate metal-oxo with an unoccupied trans axial site is proposed to be produced in O₂ evolution. Theoretical studies showed that this five-coordinate structure enables more positively charged metal-oxo units, which is favoured for nucleophilic attack to form O−O bonds.

Introducing new abiotic chemistry into living cells is a grand challenge in the field of chemical biotechnology. Here, we show that phosphate and/or biogenic amines mediate the non-enzymatic α-methylenation of butyraldehyde under biocompatible reaction conditions and can be interfaced with butyraldehyde biosynthesis from D-glucose in the bacterium Escherichia coli.

A 2′-deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) nucleotide modified with a thiazole orange moiety shows different fluorescence lifetimes in living cells depending on whether it is present as a free triphosphate or as a DNA-incorporated nucleotide. Due to this unique property, DNA synthesis in live cells can be monitored in real time using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.

A unique ethylene-mediated pathway with a 100 % C1-selectivity for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is proposed for the first time based on a well-structured Pt/Al₂O₃@TiAl catalyst, in which Al₂O₃ is responsible for generating ethylene from ethanol dehydration while Pt boosts the complete oxidation of ethylene to CO₂.

An unprecedented bioinspired, chiroptical amplification of induced-circularly polarized luminescence (ICPL) is demonstrated in ATP-driven cooperative supramolecular polymers. Amplification of asymmetry is achieved using a mixture of ATP and achiral pyrophosphate (PPi) guests, whereas the high luminescence is ensured by the aggregation-induced emissive nature of the monomers.

From catalytic cycles to a catalytic globe by efficient coupling of two earth-abundant metals titanium and chromium. Reprogramming the typical hydride character of borohydrides to a stepwise electron and H-atom transfer reagent allows epoxide reduction, C−C bond formation and regiodivergent epoxide opening in an unusual manner by avoiding S_N2-type reactivity of [BH₄]⁻. The readily available Li[BH₄] is used as sole stoichiometric reagent.

Catalytic methods for direct access to aliphatic trifluoromethyl ketones from feedstocks remain underdeveloped, partially owing to the high reactivity and instability of the trifluoroacetyl radical. Reported herein is the photocatalytic synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones from alkyl bromides and trifluoroacetic anhydride. The reaction features visible-light catalysis and halogen-atom transfer (XAT), followed by an enabling radical-radical cross-coupling of the alkyl radical with a stabilized trifluoroacetyl radical.

Hydrogen atomic sieving of Pd-based membrane under electrochemical condition was developed for solving the challenges of high energy consumption and safety hazards of the conventional thermocatalytic selective hydrogenation route. The Pd membrane with an array of tree-like Pd nanodendrites as the core device in the developed continuous flow reactor exhibits superior catalytic performance, with an elimination of extra impurities for a high industrial applicability.

A synthetic inter-vesicle signalling system is reported in which diffusible chemical signals trigger transmembrane ion transport. Photo-activation of caged Zn^II transporters triggers their release from one population of vesicles and the activation of transport in another remote population of vesicles leading to overall inter-vesicle signal transduction and amplification.

A quantitative inorganic click reaction that proceeds in solution in the absence of a catalyst has been used as a stoppering strategy for the synthesis of interlocked molecules in good yields (ca. 65 %). The resulting organometallic rotaxanes are air- and moisture-stable and can be purified by column chromatography under aerobic conditions.

Asymmetric dearomatization of phenols was achieved by employing chiral bifunctional phosphine ligands in cooperative gold catalysis. This transformation demonstrated a remarkable generality, affording the desired product with high yields (up to 99 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (ee up to 99 %).

In search for novel efficient energy storage systems, aryl-linked bis- and tris-norbornadienes were synthesized with promising potential for molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) applications. Above all, the assembly of three quadricyclane units in one benzene derivative resulted in a material with exeptionally high energy densities of up to 734 kJ/kg.

Electrochemically generated diimide using hydrazine hydrate offers a rapid and practical method to access alkanes and amines through the eHydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes, and nitro and azido groups. A wide range of substrates are reduced in high yields. The anodic transformation displays an excellent functional group tolerance, allowing for the late-stage reduction of biologically relevant compounds.

Halogen⋅⋅⋅arene interactions are measured in 17 different solvents using molecular balances. The Me⋅⋅⋅arene interaction was always found to be more favorable than any halogen⋅⋅⋅arene interaction. London dispersion interactions involving the larger, more polarizable halogen atoms are unable to outcompete the electrostatic and steric terms that determine the interaction energy trend.

Here, we synthesized a two-dimensional assembly by combining a quaternary ammonium-type AIE ligand and LnW₁₀ or P₂W₁₈ POM clusters. The co-assembly of the two can be precisely regulated at the atomic scale. The morphology and fluorescence intensity of the SLNSs can be finely tuned. Moreover, SLNSs showed excellent solvent compatibility and emitted intensely in water, chloroform, and ethanol.

An interfacial assembly method to arrange metal nanocrystals on fiber substrates with strong interaction is demonstrated for optimized electrocatalytic performance. The obtained Fe/NFs assembly structure is proposed as an efficient electrocatalyst for nitrate reduction to N₂, which achieves a high nitrate removal capacity of 2317 mg N/g Fe and N₂ selectivity up to 97.2 %.