Copyright: IUTA; Sebastian Schilling und Heike Glade (Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, 2018); MANN+HUMMEL Water & Fluid Solution GmbH

Kommunale Kläranlagen gelten als Haupteintragspfad organischer Mikroschadstoffe in die aquatische Umwelt. Ein Großteil der Arzneimittelrückstände und Industriechemikalien wird in Kläranlagen nicht oder nur teilweise entfernt. Um einen qualitativ höheren Kläranlagen-Ablauf zu erzeugen, wird eine Kombination aus hybridem Teilstrom-Membran-Bioreaktor mit nachgeschalteter Ozonung untersucht.

Membrandestillation ist ein vielversprechendes Verfahren zur Konzentrierung salzhaltiger Wässer. Kristallisationsfouling und dessen Verminderung mit Additiven wurden in einer Laboranlage bei der Meerwasserkonzentrierung untersucht. Zur Ermittlung der Foulingneigung in einem großen Modul kamen ein Prozessmodell und geochemische Software zum Einsatz.

Die Entwicklung von Methoden zur Erkennung von chlorbasierten Oxidationsschäden an Umkehrosmosemembranen auf Basis von Photoelektronenspektroskopie wird beschrieben. Dafür wurden verschiedene Membranen mit unterschiedlichen Chlorspezies oxidativ geschädigt. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Oberflächenveränderung der Membran und Auswirkungen auf den Prozess werden aufgezeigt.

An innovative CO₂-reactive material, namely, PDMAPAm-b-PMMA diblock copolymers, was developed by a two-step RAFT solution polymerization. The application of the synthesized diblock copolymer as a membrane for CO₂ capture was investigated. The copolymer can be customized for the fabrication of membranes and membrane adsorbers for direct air capture technologies.

Isoprene-styrene-based copolymers were synthesized by surfactant-free controlled radical polymerization, an environmentally friendly and scalable technique, and tested for their gas transport properties in correlation to the commercial poly(4-methyl-1-pentene). These newly developed copolymers could find promising applications in terms of hydrogen applications.

This review explores the role of e-fuels in decarbonizing aviation, shipping, and trucking. It examines challenges like high costs, energy intensity, and infrastructure needs, while highlighting innovations in hydrogen production, CO₂ capture, and fuel synthesis. The key focus is on advancing e-fuels for a carbon-neutral future.

Innovative Raman spectroscopy methods for enhancing wastewater treatment monitoring are introduced. Improved sensitivity in detecting low concentrations of analytes is demonstrated, addressing challenges like cross-sensitivity and turbidity. The findings highlight the potential for more accurate and robust inline monitoring in wastewater treatment plants, ensuring better water quality control.

A method for the determination of dissolved gas content in liquids is presented. The effects of ageing, temperature, and heating time on gas solubility in a hydrocarbon-based liquid were investigated. In particular, longer heating times with much stirring were found to increase the amount of dissolved gas.

The reaction engineering approach (REA) model was developed to describe the heat and mass interaction between a single food slice and drying agent. By integrating the validated REA model, an upscaling methodology for designing convective drying systems, specifically focusing on tray and belt dryers of sliced food, is presented.

Two models, one for a tube reactor and one for a radial reactor, were developed using numerical simulation to model the reaction between carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite to produce dimethyl oxalate. The simulations yielded results consistent with experimental data. The radial reactor offers advantages such as smaller size, a more uniform temperature distribution, and lower pressure drop.