This review comprehensively summarizes the synthesis strategies, structural characteristics, and structural regulation strategies of metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), as well as their electrochemical energy storage performance in various energy storage devices (LIBs, LMBs, ZABs, Li–CO₂ batteries, LSBs, ZIBs, and SCs).

Glycan fragmentation with collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS) leads to a range of specific disassembly mechanisms, which are being reviewed in detail.

The inherent chirality, tunability, biocompatibility, and robustness of peptides provide an exciting opportunity for supramolecular chemistry. In this mini-review, we explore uses of peptides in discrete supramolecular systems, how chemists can draw inspiration from larger biological assemblies, and discuss how embracing the complexity of peptide secondary structures in the design of these systems provides opportunities for novel structures and functions.

The current technoeconomic analysis of CO₂ electroreduction to produce “green” formic acid highlights economic optimization through the implementation of multiple-cell stacking, positioning it as a competitive alternative to established industrial methods. Among the studied electrolyzer reactors, the direct formic acid production electrolyzer demonstrates enhanced viability due to the reduced costs associated with downstream processing.

This Minireview offers a comprehensive overview of Type-I photodynamic therapy and outlines two design strategies for Type-I photodynamic agents: thermodynamic modulation through molecular engineering to block Type-II excitation energy transfer, and kinetic optimization of photoinduced electron/hydrogen transfer processes to enhance Type-I pathway.

From binary to higher-order organic cocrystals: strategic design principles, precision synthesis, and multifunctional applications. The emergence of ternary and higher-order cocrystalline systems, comprising three or more components, has revolutionized the paradigm of material design by significantly expanding both structural diversity and functional potential. These advanced architectures not only exhibit enhanced design versatility through synergistic molecular engineering but also enable unprecedented modulation of physicochemical properties, thereby introducing novel optoelectronic, mechanical, and stimuli-responsive functionalities.

Over the past decade, red-emissive organic molecular crystals have advanced through molecular design (donor-acceptor structures, π-conjugation) and crystal engineering to overcome aggregation-caused quenching and energy gap limitations. Featuring high quantum yields, tunable deep-red/NIR emission, and flexibility, they enable applications in flexible waveguides, lasers, and bio-integrated optoelectronics.

This minireview focuses on the cutting-edge developments in antitumor metal complexes designed to induce pyroptosis, elucidating their pyroptosis-stimulating mechanisms across chemo-, photo-, sono- and targeted therapeutic modalities, and proposes the prevailing challenges and future opportunities in metal-based immunotherapy.

This minireview focuses on the indirect and direct electrosynthesis of NH₂OH. The outlook of performance improvement strategies including catalysts and reactor design is also provided.