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Age-adjusted cardiovascular disease mortality rate attributed to air pollution (per 100,000 population) in countries with different socioeconomic status, 2019 year, both sexes.

The two-sample Mendelian randomization and linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses revealed no association between coronavirus disease 2019 and estradiol levels, menstruation, and female infertility. However, the infection may causally influence sex hormone-binding globulin and total testosterone levels in females, while its impact on female reproductive function appears to be largely independent of the disease severity.

The study found that lower optimism was associated with poorer health-related quality of life (HRQL) across all domains. Social support and its interaction with optimism were significant in women with any cancer or breast cancer across various domains, highlighting the crucial role of psychosocial support for better HRQL.

 eviQ Cancer Treatments Online (www.eviQ.org.au) is an Australian, open-access website providing evidence-based and consensus-driven cancer treatment protocols and information. This mixed method evaluation demonstrated eviQ is widely used and highly valued by Australian clinicians and that users agree eviQ contributes to improved patient health outcomes and quality of life.

A novel health system reliability method has been developed and applied to cardio and cancer death rate data. Accurate disease multiregional prediction is done.

Total noncommunicable disease deaths trend from 2008 to 2030—Afghanistan and the world.

Men from deprived groups are at increased risk of delayed prostate cancer diagnosis. To ease access to PSA blood testing and follow-up for ethnic minority men and men in deprived communities, the Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research in the United Kingdom initiated Man Van. Here, comparison with health screening in general practice shows that the Man Van model yields higher levels of prostate cancer diagnosis at early stages. Other health conditions, including hypertension and erectile dysfunction, are also readily detected. The findings highlight the utility of the Man Van model in facilitating disease detection in hard-to-reach groups.

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Tobacco use is associated with the development of lung cancer, emphysema, and coronary artery disease. With these three thoracic diseases representing the three leading causes of premature death across the world, the potential of lung cancer screening to save lives is enormous. The specific goal of the 2022 Quantitative Imaging Workshop was to advance the use of quantitative CT imaging to detect not only lung cancer but other major thoracic, smoking-related diseases occurring in older individuals. A strategy is needed to ensure the development of carefully validated computational tools to responsibly advance the use of this important public health approach.

Immunogene therapy has become an effective and significant clinical strategy for cancer therapy. Enhancing the response rate to immunogene therapy is significant to controlling side effects and improving efficacy. Improved nonviral vectors combined with immunogene therapy efficiently deliver genes to the desired tumor cells and activate immune response to fight tumors while alleviating adverse reactions, which is a promising treatment approach for cancer.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) overexpression represents a negative prognostic biomarker associated with poor survival. Targeting HER3 has shown some promise in early phase trials in both nonsmall cell lung cancer and metastatic breast cancer in heavily pretreated patients with varying degrees of response. Identifying a predictive biomarker will aid to better select patients that will respond to treatment.

Radiology services in New Zealand are under significant pressure. Preliminary image evaluation (PIE) by radiographers can have a significant positive impact on patient care in this constrained environment and should be supported.

This article describes how we incorporated consumer engagement into a quality improvement activity and a research study. In demonstrating consumer engagement steps, considerations and our learnings, we aim to encourage further consumer engagement activities amongst medical radiation professionals.

This review provides an overview of large-scale AI models, including language models (e.g., ChatGPT), vision-language models, and language-conditioned multiagent models, and discusses their potential applications in medicine, as well as their limitations and future trends. We also propose how large-scale AI models can be integrated into various scenarios of clinical applications.

Much of what we know about QoL and PROMs in lung cancer care has been developed by researchers in the setting of drug trials aiming to identify symptoms reflective of drug-related adverse effects. These symptoms are important but may not fully reflect patient-defined experience and value in cancer care.

Gross platelet deficiency marks idiopathic thrombocytopenia's pathophysiology: normalization of the regulatory T cells (Tregs) through demethylation may well reverse the abnormal DNA methylation. Despite thrombopoietic receptor agonists’ recognized effectiveness, strongly demethylating (yet safe and affordable) ascorbate (e.g. with a plasma level of >1 mM several hours/week) could prevent their undesirable “rebound phenomenon” upon routine discontinuation, especially if abruptly mandated by refusal/adverse effects. [In Figure 1, star-shaped objects are platelets; Y-shaped objects are autoantibodies; in Figure 2, pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells are characterized by RORγt: a transcription factor (encoded by the gene Rorc) of the retinoic acid-receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor (ROR) family. In ITP, Tregs expressing forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) are crucial for controlling ITP: in Figure 3, TET: ten-eleven translocation enzymes; 5mC; 5hmc: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (the initiating step of active DNA demethylation. A cofactor fostering this process is vitamin C which acts synergistically with retinoic acid (RA)].

ON is a complex and multifactorial complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). However, the pathophysiology and risk factors for ON in patients with SLE have not been fully determined yet. Here, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for glucocorticoid-induced ON, with a specific focus on patients with SLE

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Recently, treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) was found to reduce anal cancer risk in people living with HIV. However, there are no current comprehensive anal cancer screening guidelines. The International Anal Neoplasia Society (IANS) recommendations provide evidence-based consensus guidance for which populations should be offered anal cancer screening and for management of abnormal screening results, considering currently available screening tools. The IANS guidelines provide a basis for expansion of anal cancer screening infrastructure to all at-risk populations.

Inspired by the metastasis-seeding potential of VTT in ccRCC, we identified for the first time that pathological grading of VTT could serve as an unheeded prognostic factor. By incorporating VTT grading, TT-GPS score was constructed, displaying superior discriminatory ability for risk stratification in nonmetastatic ccRCC patients with VTT. This study highlights the significance of introducing VTT grading or TT-GPS score into routine pathological reports to improve the efficacy of risk assessment.

A large majority of clinical trials demonstrate the promising results of the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) to the existing treatment strategy for patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, this article aims to discuss the results of these trials and to highlight the changes and future of ESCC treatment.

The burden of cancer in Asia Pacific, a region home to over four billion people, is growing. Because of sheer demographics alone, the Asia Pacific region arguably has the highest number of patients who can benefit from protons over conventional x-rays. However, only 39 out of 113 proton facilities globally are in Asia Pacific, and 11 of them are in low- and middle-income countries where 95% of the regional population reside. We draw attention to present resource distribution of proton therapy in Asia Pacific, highlight disparities in access, and suggest steps forward.

Severe periodontitis and edentulism remain major public health challenges in 2021, with the number of affected individuals projected to rise significantly in the coming decades.