Electroreductive cross-electrophile coupling (eXEC) has emerged as a practical, green, sustainable, efficient electrochemical and controllable approach for constructing C−C or C−X bonds through selective cross-coupling of different electrophiles. This Mini-review summarizes the recent protocols of electroreductive cross-electrophile coupling reactions.

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics combine the functions of photovoltaic conversion and visual semitransparency. The p-type polymers used in semitransparent organic photovoltaics are systematically summarized from the perspectives of chemical structures, conformation structures, and aggregation structures. The design guidelines for novel p-type polymers in high-performance semitransparent organic photovoltaics are also proposed.

By manipulating the equilibrium between a nonfluorescent spirocyclic state (unbound) and a fluorescent zwitterion state (protein-bound), fluorogenic and cell-permeable rhodamine dyes have been developed for high-contrast protein labeling in living cells. Such new generation of probes offer exceptional performance in multi-color/lifetime imaging, superresolution microscopy, single protein tracking, and chemigenetic biosensors.

This review covers examples where C−H activation has been implemented on a preparative synthetic scale for the synthesis of drugs/drug candidates. Key features of the optimization process, challenges and potential of such methods in the pharmaceutical industry are discussed for various metals and transformations.

The facile oxidation of Sn-based perovskites is the most crucial issue hindering the development of Sn-based perovskite solar cells. This review concentrates on the oxidation of Sn-based perovskites from the chemical mechanism, detrimental effects at material- and device-level, and especially intrinsic causes/extrinsic causes to provide clear guidelines to accurately suppress the oxidation.

The novel hierarchical flower-like CdS/Ti₃C₂ Schottky junction, synthesized by crystal orientation control and heterostructure construction, shows unprecedented selectivity, activity, and stability for photocatalytic dehydrogenation-reductive amination under ambient conditions. Using the presented protocol, a wide range of biomass-derived hydroxyl acids can be successfully converted into the corresponding amino acids.

Two dimeric-type acceptors, DIBP3F-Se and DIBP3F-S were synthesized with selenophone and thiophene as a bridge, respectively. Both exhibit O-shape conformation as determined by NMR and DFT simulations, which is driven by the robust π–π interaction of intramolecular terminal groups. The PM6 : DIBP3F-Se-based solar cell demonstrated an efficiency of 18.09 %.

The establishment of a time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram captures the amorphous-to-crystalline LLZO transformation based on crystallization enthalpy analysis and confirms stabilization of cubic-phase LLZO at record low temperatures of 500 °C. Technologically, the newly proposed low-temperature processing routes benefit the integration and scale-up of LLZO-based solid-state batteries at reduced costs and carbon footprint.

Edge-rich MoS₂ is presented as a promising catalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation to formate with superior activity and stability. The selective formation of formate is enabled by using surface OH* and H* species from H₂O dissociation on the edge-sulfur vacancies as moderate hydrogenating agents.

A nucleotidoprotein engineered via facile “green synthesis” exhibits strong electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding with complementary base-modified polyethyleneimine to form salt-resistant nanocomplexes with robust cytosolic delivery efficiency. The acidic endolysosomal environment enables traceless restoration of the nucleotidoprotein and consequently promotes the intracellular release of native protein.

A solid polymer electrolyte based on non-covalent anchoring effect of CD-Si and double transmission channels is exploited to suppress Zn dendrites growth and shuttle effect of polyiodide, achieving outstanding cycle-stability of symmetrical batteries and ultralong-life solid-state Zn-I₂ battery.

Crosstalk between the liver and tumor can significantly impact the tumor targeting efficiency of thiol-responsive nanoparticles through hepatic glutathione efflux.

A novel pseudo-2D layered organic–inorganic manganese bromide with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high thermal quenching resistance was developed and explored as a green phosphor for wide color gamut light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and as a scintillator for sensitive X-ray detection and imaging, with performance superior to that of most commercial phosphors and scintillators, respectively.

Benefiting from the coordination stabilization of PAL ligands, the highly reversible high-voltage solid-phase Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ redox couple is realized in near-neutral aqueous Zn−Mn batteries.

This study explores the effects of ROS on protein activity and secondary structure during photocatalysis. Specifically, it offers valuable insights into synthesizing protein-polymer conjugates while preserving high enzymatic activity under mild and aerobic conditions. The EY/TEOA system is identified as the optimal method for preparing conjugates, offering a simple and robust strategy with excellent oxygen tolerance in a minimal reaction volume.

Coverage of label-free proteomics for precious trace specimens is limited due to redundant pretreatments. We design molecular glue-functionalized superparamagnetic composite nanoparticles equipped with protein anchors to capture proteins in complex trace biological samples. We propose a Streamlined Workflow based on Anchor-nanoparticles for Proteomics (SWAP) in one single tube to reduce protein loss for ultrasensitive proteomic analysis.

A Cu-organic interface constructed by in situ reconstruction of Cu phthalocyanine can direct the selectivity of CO electrolysis to a specific multicarbon product, with an acetate Faradaic efficiency (FE) as high as 84.2 %, a record acetate partial current density of 605 mA cm⁻², and an acetate yield up to 63.4 %. The impressive acetate selectivity is ascribed to the favorable reaction microenvironment created by the Cu-organic interface.

Nucleophilic 4-hydroxycoumarins were converted into electrophilic carbon radicals via photocatalytic arene oxidation, allowing for hydroarylation of unactivated and electron-rich olefins. Moreover, by tuning the photocatalyst (PC), structurally complex cyclobutane-fused pentacyclic products were constructed in a single step via a cascade of hydroarylation and [2+2] cycloaddition.

A strategy is reported to realize ultra-narrowband emission by incorporating B−N/B−O heterocycles as fusion lockers into conventional multi-resonant frameworks. Three emitters exhibited bright sky-blue emission with remarkably small full width at half-maximum (FWHMs) of only 17–18 nm in solution. A high-performance OLED device was achieved with a small FWHM of merely 19 nm and a high EQE of up to 31.9 % with alleviated efficiency attenuation.

The photocatalyzed aminomethylation of alkyl halides was realized for the synthesis of tertiary amines bearing bulky substituents and it involves radical C(sp³)−C(sp³) bond formation. The bulky N-substituents serve as an activation group to overcome the redox-potential barrier in these reactions, allowing synthesis of sterically congested tertiary amines.

Reaction of two equivalents of a dicopper(I) tert-butoxide species with an appropriate acetylide synthon allowed the rational synthesis of a molecular tetracopper(I) acetylide, which possesses an unusual μ₄-η¹:η¹:η¹:η¹ coordination mode. This geometry opens the door to higher nuclearity homo- or heterometallic architectures, as demonstrated by the formation of a pentacopper(I) complex.

Delayed fluorescence usually showed much shorter lifetime than phosphorescence in organic afterglow. An effective strategy is presented in this work to prolong the lifetime of delayed fluorescence to approach that of phosphorescence, which enables great color tunability of organic afterglow from yellow to white by changing the temperature.

A sulfonate-functionalized gold catalyst and urea substrate have been found to be encapsulated in a urea-functionalized Fe₄L₆ cage through hydrogen bonding. The caged catalyst presents excellent performances compared to the free catalyst, with high selectivity obtained from the site-isolation effect imposed by the cage only allowing catalysis by π activation of the substrate. The high reactivity arises from stabilization of the transition state.

A mild, regioselective method for the hydropyridylation of diene feedstocks is reported, and is amenable to late-stage-functionalisation. Experiments and DFT calculations suggest a mechanism involving non-reversible hydrogen atom transfer, resulting in a reaction that is uniquely selective for dienes in the presence of other olefins.

The microscopic characteristics of the kinetic state in supramolecular polymerization must be thoroughly understood to advance the design and synthesis of functional soft materials. This molecular dynamics study provides the same, along with new insights into the monomeric and thermodynamic states, thus addressing the origin of the lag phase. It also describes the minimum free-energy path from the kinetic to the thermodynamic states.

An optimal set of phosphoramidite monomers was synthesized herein for facilitating the mass spectrometry (MS) sequencing of digital poly(phosphodiester)s. These molecules contain a cleavable alkoxyamine group and various side-chain substituents with a distinct mass signature. When incorporated periodically in the polymers, these new molecules enable a controlled MS fragmentation and an easy identification of the resulting fragments.

By the integrated tandem electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical strategy, the biomass-derived pyruvic and waste nitrate were coupled into an amino acid, alanine. In detail, NO₃⁻ was electro-reduced to NH₂OH, which could interact with PA to the form pyruvic oxime, and then the pyruvic oxime was electro-reduced to the desired alanine.

A ligand-directing strategy is developed to build a bismuth-based zeolitic organic framework (Bi-ZMOFs) with coordination-linked metal cages for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to HCOOH with 91 % efficiency. The coordination of Bi with pyrazole-N atom triggers an effective interatomic electron transfer and contributes to the activation of CO₂ and stabilization of the active intermediates.

Ga₂S₃ nanocrystals constitute a novel type of quantum dots exempt from toxic heavy metals whose fluorescence can be tuned from broad trap-state to narrow band-edge emission in the deep blue range by coating their surface with a ZnS shell. An additional alumina shell enhances the photoluminescence quantum yield close to 50 % while maintaining a short lifetime around 1 ns.

A cyano hydrogen-bonded organic framework has been applied to a Li-CO₂ battery for the first time. The HOF endows Li-CO₂ batteries with significantly enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of rate capability and cycling stability.

Novel protic acyclic carbene-Au^I enantiomers exhibited solvation-mediated self-assembly from crystals to helices driven by synergetic aurophilicity and H-bonds. Three polymorphs showed intense thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with high quantum yield (Φ_FL). Extended helical Au⋅⋅⋅Au chains in helices amplified circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with boosted luminescence dissymmetry factor (|g_lum|) and CPL brightness (B_CPL).

By loading Pd NCs on the Co-doped Ni(OH)₂, we were able to promote the proton deintercalation process on the catalyst surface as well as HMF adsorption, respectively. As a result, a comprehensive optimization in performance by simultaneously decreasing the onset potential of the reaction and enhancing the current density can be achieved.

A novel cryolite material (Cs₂NaHoCl₆) has been successfully synthesized, showing remarkable characteristics including anti-thermal quenching and multimode photoluminescence. Further, its luminescence efficiency can be effectively improved and the emission was tailored through alloying Sb³⁺ ions (s-p energy levels) and Yb³⁺ ions (f-f energy levels). These findings highlight the immense potential in multifunctional photoelectric applications.

Four ribbon-like bis-peri-dinaphtho-rylene molecules were synthesized by intermolecular or intramolecular radical-mediated coupling reactions. They show electronic structures resembling the typical pyrenacenes rather than quinoidal rylenes, with localized aromatic benzenoid rings along the central long axis.

A synergistic modulation concept is developed by introducing taurine into electrolyte. In addition to buffering the pH of the electrolyte, the preferentially adsorbed taurine on the Zn surface reconstructs the electronic double layer (EDL) and subsequently builds an in situ hybrid interface to inhibit side reactions and regulate Zn deposition. This synergistic modulation strategy greatly enhances the performance of Zn anode and full batteries.

Utilized sulfonic acid-modified COFs (TCOF-S) photo-catalyst to generate free radicals to trigger the rapid in situ light solidification of acrylamide in the pore channels of COFs. Formed TCOF-S-Gel has combined polymer gel electrolytes (PGE) with single-ion conductors (SICs) and make them complement each other.

A novel strategy of converting NO into pyridine oximes utilizing in situ generated NH₂OH for organophpsphorus poisoning is realized by electrocatalysis over Al coordinated on nanofiber membrane, which offers great significance to synthesize medicine and multidisciplinary science, providing new insights for constructing new efficient system for NH₂OH production and utilization.

Organic poly[(9,9′-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-thiadiazole)] (PFBT) polymer dots were applied as the CO₂ photoreduction catalyst in aqueous solution to yield a CO production rate of 57 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ with a selectivity of up to 100 % and promising stability. Mechanistic studies indicated that the photoexcited PFBT was reduced by triethanolamine (TEOA) first, then bound with CO₂ before CO production.

Three highly oxidized eunicellane-derived 6/7/5-fused tricyclic diterpenoids, aridacins A−C, were discovered through genome mining. In vivo and in vitro investigations and quantum chemical computations systematically established that terpene cyclase (TC) and P450 enzymes work in tandem to create the backbone of aridacins, representing an unprecedented strategy in terpene skeletal construction.

A photolabile curcumin analogue CRANAD-147 is reported. It could lead to changes in properties, structures (sequences) and neurotoxicity of amyloid beta (Aβ) species in vitro and in transgenic 5xFAD mice in vivo with molecularly generated light (dubbed as “molecular light”) from chemiluminescence probe ADLumin-4. It has great potential as an alternative approach for AD drug discovery.

An efficient hydrogenative PET degradation protocol was developed under mild conditions enabled by a novel transesterification/hydrogenation relay strategy and rationally designed catalysts. A broad range of post-consumer PET sources and other types of polyesters were easily degraded in excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies disclosed the evolution of catalyst and the important role of methanol for promoting the reaction efficiency.

Disorder is usually considered to cause photoluminescence quenching by dissipating excited-state energy, here we challenge the conventional wisdom by showing that increased disorder from crystalline to polymer media actually enhances room-temperature phosphorescence, when a mediating charge-transfer state is involved.

The photogenerated radicals effectively inhibit metal atom aggregation and facilitate their cooperative anchoring with nitrogen species and lattice oxygen on the support, thereby enabling precise synthesis of Single-atom catalysts.

We streamline the synthesis of ketones and esters with multiple α-heteroatoms by sequentially generating two heteroatom metal carbenes using a designer I^(III)/S^(VI) reagent. This strategy enables the selective addition of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or carbon atoms, incorporating up to three functional groups at the α-carbon of carbonyls in a single step.

A general, economical, and direct approach to access α,β-deuterated styrene compounds via triphenylphosphine (TPP)-mediated electrochemical deuteration of styrenes and derivatives through electrochemical deuterium atom transfer (eDAT) has been developed. This approach tolerated a wide range of styrenes and 1-phenyl-1,3-dienes, and the extension to late stage deuteration of complex molecules and their derivatives showed a potential prospect.

A novel MOF adsorbent is fabricated for the removal of radioactive strontium(II) from nuclear wastewater. Benefiting from the synergy of the 1D channels for efficient transportation of Sr²⁺ ions and the decorating of the functional sites on the channel walls to aviod the blocking of the channels, the MOF adsorbent realizes highly efficient and ultrafast separation of strontium(II).

Metal-phenolic network nanoparticles (MPN NPs) with different compositions are directly assembled, without templates or seeding agents, by controlling the coordination kinetics of metal-phenolic complexes. The strong binding affinity of polyphenols to various guest molecules enables the incorporation of functional cargos (e.g., proteins and drugs) to form cargo-loaded MPN NPs for potential biomedical applications.

The stacking of two-dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets is controlled by solvent droplet dynamic behaviors at different temperatures of drop coating. The unique binary stacking modes of the [Cu₂Br(IN)₂]_n nanosheets offers a chance to understand the relationship between nanosheet stacking behaviors and the gas separation performance of the resulting membranes.

We demonstrate a new aqueous droplet as mimic of membraneless organelles (MLOs), which we call segregative-associative (SA) droplets, apart from the widely known complex coacervates and neutral polymer-based aqueous two-phase systems. The SA droplet exhibits MLO-mimicking complex phase behaviors and can cluster charged lipid vesicles like MLOs at synapse, which has been hitherto unachievable for most current MLO-mimics.

In passivating perovskite defects it is shown that the F group can interact with the passivation groups of the additives, leading to different abilities to passivate defects rather than only introducing additional interactions between F and Pb²⁺ as previously thought. The efficiencies of perovskite solar cells and modules made with the fluorinated passivators reach 24.70 % (0.09 cm²) and 21.13 % (14.0 cm²), respectively, with long-term stability.

Polythioamides have been successfully synthesized using diboronic acids, secondary diamines, and thiocarbonyl fluoride as the central connective hub. These polythioamides exhibit inherent selectivity in coordinating metal ions, resulting in the formation of Pd^II-crosslinked single-chain nanoparticles that can serve as recyclable homogeneous catalysts. This study highlights the potential of thiocarbonyl fluoride as a powerful hub for addressing the challenging synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers.

The luminescence of Mn²⁺ is strongly affected by the ligand field. Usually only the metal-ligand distance is considered a tool to tune the ligand field strength in phosphors. Using Zn[B₂(SO₄)₄] as a host, we show that electronic effects are an important alternative and lead to unusual orange luminescence of Mn²⁺.

Non-destructive and high-resolution methods allowing the investigation of battery systems are provided by operando neutron imaging combined with electrical monitoring of the state of charge. We track the exchange and transport of hydrogen in the electrodes and the evolution of hydrogen gas under operating conditions of a commercial Ni-mixed metal hydride battery.

A method for light-activated Glaser coupling in water is reported that uses visible light to trigger host-guest photoredox chemistry. Cage-confined neutral radicals drive the C−C coupling step through substrate preorganization.

A lone-pair electron in MHy⁺ (methylhydrazine) results in the generation of a dipole moment. The dipole moments aggregate to give polarization, which is detected with a steady open-circuit voltage. Polarized detectors using the (IBA)₂MHy₂Pb₃Br₁₀ (IBA=iso-butylamine) single-crystal have an ultrahigh polarization ratio of up to 24.6 in self-powered mode, this ratio is a record for organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite single-crystals.

A building block assembling method allows a series of ferroelectric semiconductors of 2D hybrid perovskites to be constructed. The resulting species have unprecedent gate-tunable memory behaviors potentially boosting future non-volatile memory applications.

An organocatalytic direct functionalization/acylation of strong aliphatic C(sp³)-H bonds is disclosed via an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of aldehydes with simple alkanes. The inert aliphatic C−H bonds are efficiently cleaved through intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer, providing an alternative organocatalytic approach for alkane C−H functionalization under transition metal- and light free conditions.

The enantioselective synthesis of α,α-diaryl ketones from alkynes through chiral phosphoric acid catalysis is demonstrated. This method also serves as an efficient deuteration method for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched α-deuterated α,α-diaryl ketones. Using the methodology, bioactive molecules, including one of the best-selling anti-breast cancer drugs, tamoxifen, are readily synthesized.

A regioselective Ni-catalyzed Heck coupling, a reductive Heck coupling, and a Heck/Kumada coupling of light alkenes are reported herein. These strategies enable highly efficient hydro-arylation/-vinylation, (di)arylation, vinylation, and aryl-vinylation transformations thus accessing alkyl arenes and complex alkenes. This coupling strategy provides a modular and divergent platform for upgrading feedstock light alkenes.

The introduction of CH₂ or NH spacers of low stereochemical hindrance on the imide function of heavily twisted 1,7-dibromoperylene diimides (PDIs), enables, in the solid state, the unexpected flattening of the polyaromatic cores. Powder diffraction and DFT calculations provided reliable structural and energetic details and an estimate of stabilizing π–π interactions of flat PDI cores, counterbalancing the natural tendency toward twisting.

Post-polymerization Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of polyethylenes bearing in-chain keto groups (keto-PE) yields mixed keto-ester-PE, which combines photodegradability of the in-chain ketones with the in-chain esters as chemical access point for solvolysis, while the basic materials properties of HDPE are fully retained.

The elusive thermochromism observed in dichalcogenide molecular crystals with no clear structural origin or associated phase transitions is found to be linked to the subtle changes in torsional vibrational modes around the dynamic Se−Se and Te−Te bonds.

Diverse structural designs has led to the development of chalcone-flavylium systems that exhibit efficient switching across a wide spectrum of visible light, including long-wavelength red light in aqueous environments avoiding the typical UV-induced switches.

Solution and solid-state measurements provide support for the first example of two-step magnetic switching in a mononuclear monodioxolene cobalt complex. Employing a dynamic ligand scaffold may be the key to stabilizing the rare low spin Co(II) intermediate state and traversing both valence tautomeric and spin crossover transitions.

A novel type of silicon-containing alkynone reagents that target free thiols to produce the stable vinyl-sulfide linker under biocompatible conditions is reported. Besides simple aliphatic and aromatic thiols, this approach is also applicable to the labeling of thiols present in proteins, sugars and pharmaceuticals with full retention of silicon handles in most cases.

The electroenzymatic catalysis of the multisubunit complex formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase was investigated (left panel). The O₂-sensitive enzyme isolated from a thermophilic methanogen reduces CO₂ with high faradaic efficiency upon deposition on a graphite rod electrode (middle panel). The low affinity for formate (right panel) favoured its accumulation, an interesting property for CO₂-conversion technologies.

A phytic acid (PA)-ZnAl coordination compound is demonstrated as a multifunctional interphase layer to achieve highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn metal anodes. The zincophilic PA-ZnAl layer enables the homogenized Zn²⁺ flux, rapid desolvation kinetics, enhanced Zn²⁺ transference number, and suppressed side reactions, thus contributing to the high Coulombic efficiency and enhanced cycling performance with dendrite-free morphology.

Combining three supramolecular sensing elements in a single solution forms an adaptive network of equilibrating sensors. Fingerprint sensor-sensor and sensor-analyte interactions results in emergent photophysical responses, allowing for the discrimination of highly similar challenging analytes.

Resonance Raman optical activity is becoming a useful tool to study geometry and electronic structure of molecules. For a cobalt complex we report large signal enhancement, unique resonance spectral pattern, and an advanced analysis based on vibrational functions of the ground and excited electronic state. For the first time, a dual circular polarization signal coming from asymmetric molecular polarizabilities was verified on enantiomers.

Operando spectroscopy under CO₂ hydrogenation conditions reveals the importance of catalyst design in a metal-efficient Palladium/In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Concurrent X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements of Pd and In, combined with infrared techniques reveals the roles of the two metals, relating them to the catalytic mechanism with vital insights for future multimetallic catalyst development.

The enantioselective hydroarylation of 1-alkynylindoles with organoborons for the synthesis of chiral C−N atropisomers is presented. A wide variety of vinylindole atropisomers were synthesized in excellent regioselectivity, stereoselectivity (Z-selectivity), and enantioselectivity under mild reaction conditions.

Freezing a droplet containing DNA on gold surfaces gives rise to a uniform DNA monolayer with vertically standing up and laterally separated conformations. Compared to DNA surfaces obtained by traditional methods, the freezing-induced surface is remarkably stable over electrochemical interrogation and long-term storage. The uniform conformation increases the binding affinity of DNA by over 40-fold and enhances the antifouling performance in undiluted whole blood.

Precise temporal control under visible irradiation has been achieved through a photocatalytic RAFT chemical recycling methodology. Depolymerization could be easily initiated by switching “on” the light, whereas negligible monomer regeneration was observed in the dark. This outstanding characteristic was possible by fine regulation of the deactivation of the depropagating chain and by finally suppressing thermal initiation of the chains.

The ion [B₁₂Br₁₁N₂]⁻ was previously only observed in mass spectra. Reactions of gaseous fragment ions and high current ion soft-landing were combined to synthesize this molecular ion and enable its analysis by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as to explore follow-up reactions in the condensed phase.

The potential of chemical amplification has been explored for the on-demand release of hydroxy groups in dynamic covalent thiol-ene photopolymers by controlled activation of a photoacid. In a domino effect fashion, a single photon event leads to a cascade of reactions, which ultimately endow the polymers with the ability to flow as a result of thermo-activated transesterification.

A stable crystalline Schlenk hydrocarbon diradical was isolated without any kinetic blocking at the central m-phenylene bridge. An EPR study and quantum chemical calculations suggest the triplet state to be the ground state.