The cover image is based on the Case Study Frontal Sinus Mucocele with Orbital Extension Drained via a Combined Upper Lid Skin Crease and Endoscopic Approach by Kirsty Michelle Clarke et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.6206.

The Leser-Trélat syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome. However, patients presenting with the sign of LT should be considered to harbor an occult malignancy or a progressive tumor disease until “proven” otherwise, which can lead to an early diagnosis.

This article presents an alternative technique for patients with prior canal wall down mastoidectomy undergoing cochlear implantation. This novel technique involves a single-stage procedure with the use of a vascularized fascia lata-free flap with cochlear implantation. This technique allows for coverage of the implant and canal closure at the time of implantation.

A 42-year-old man presented with the complaint of chronic dry cough, fatigue, night sweats, dry eyes and mouth, and impotence. Herein, we report a sarcoidosis case with multiple organ involvement and uncommon presentation of impotence that was misdiagnosed with other diseases prior to presentation to our center.

The present case report underscores the necessity of comprehensive history taking. Dentists play an important role in the differential diagnosis of non-odontogenic infections which may mimic dental abscesses. In cases with atypical facial inflammation, any previous injection of soft tissue fillers, must be considered as a potential source of infection.

Although very rare, it is possible that gastric glomus tumors present with life-threatening GI bleeding. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric subepithelial lesions, and the final diagnosis may not be clear until after surgical resection and pathological examination.

We report a 78-year-old woman with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in which mucus plugs in the peripheral and central bronchi in the right lung evolved into consolidation with high-attenuation mucus after one month.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare and distinct histopathological variant of pancreatic neoplasms which carries a worse prognosis than conventional ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncological resection is the mainstay of treatment.

Acute type A small intramural hematoma should be aware of fatal complications.

Early diagnosis of atypical cases of FARSB mutation in children with multisystem disorders provides the chance to imply novel treatments for them as well as carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Therefore, performing genetic test such as Whole Exome Sequencing could help us in this regard.

Laryngeal foreign bodies from the grilled liver can cause chest discomfort and may resemble cervical emphysema on CT images. Carefully taking the patient's history, especially diet, is important to diagnose a laryngeal foreign body correctly.

We report an unusual case of multiple myeloma-associated amyloid arthropathy revealed by a osteolytic polyarthritis and atlanto-axial lesion.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is common in children and gives rise to a variety of clinical disorders. It should not be misdiagnosed or attributed to teething. Parents should be aware of its contagiousness. Meticulously identifying this pathological entity provides an adequate treatment.

We document and association between intestinal atresia and CF. In a setting of CF and absence of intestinal passage in the first days of life should have a low threshold to conduct a differential diagnosis with intestinal atresia.

In this report, we present a 37-year-old woman with villous cancer who developed AKI after co-administration of VCM and TAZ/PIPC. Trough concentration of VCM reach a toxic level. Finally, she recovered on day 17.

This report illustates a case of HSV-1 in a patient with Covid-19 infection, showing the presence of ulcers and vescicles on the gingival margin of naxillary teeth, associated with gingival recession.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and subarachnoid hemorrhage can occur together and may have a causal relationship. Care needs to be taken to diagnose and treat these conditions when they occur together.

Moringa oleifera is widely consumed, both as a vegetable and in herbal medicines. Unfortunately, it could be responsible for of anaphylaxis reactions despite its anti-allergic properties.

We reported a case of colon SCC in young patient to increase the awareness about this rare malignancy among oncologists with quick review about pathophysiology and management.

The presence of extramedullary disease in AML portends a poor prognosis and a treatment challenge. Leukemia cutis should remain on the differential diagnosis in patients who do not have other areas of clinical disease or relapse.

Subacute posttraumatic ascending myelopathy (SPAM) is an extremely rare condition, mainly happens in male patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. SPAM has a poor prognosis and no effective treatment for this neurological deterioration.

It is important to develop a diagnostic decision tree for ophthalmia neonatorum secondary to nontraditional bacterial causes such as Escherichia coli and to confidently identify their associated clinical presentations in order to ensure swift treatment and preservation of vision potential among neonates.

Third eyelid cartilage eversion is a common clinical disease seen in dogs and cats. This case demonstrates that the disease is also seen in goats. Surgical technique from correction in dogs and cats can be applied with an excellent clinical outcome.

Primary malignantepithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the pleura in a 68-year-old male. A hypermetabolic nodule in the right lower lobe, adjacent to oblique right fissure with SUV of 4.39 at maximum and hypermetabolic primary tumoral involvement in the right parietal and mediastinal pleura, along with malignant right effusion were noted. Diffuse irregular pleural thickening is noted on the Right side, showing increased FDG activity (SUVmax: up to 7.98).

Frequent premature ventricular complexes as unique electrocardiographic finding in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy are rare. Thus, physicians must always pay attention to this “benign” arrythmia in order to allow a proper diagnosis.

Tumoral calcinosis with calcification of soft tissues is reported in dialysis patients. Changing from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis, discontinuing Vitamin D analogue therapy, changing sevelamer carbonate to lanthan(III)-carbonate, following a low-calcium/low-phosphate diet, and surgery can be treatment options. Parathyroidectomy or excision of calcified tissue are surgical options.

CVST should be kept in as a differential diagnosis when patients with COVID-19 present with headache, encephalopathy, seizure, or focal neurologic deficit. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment could contain the mortality rate and improve outcomes.

COVID-19 may involve vascular-rich tissues such as the choroid, so it is best to postpone elective eye surgeries to prevent suprachoroidal hemorrhage.

We reported a case of giant cell myocarditis (GCM) following COVID-19 infection. The current report supports the role of autoimmunity and immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19 myocarditis including the inflammatory ones such as GCM.

(A and B) The MRI brain confirms the existence of multiple sclerosis and shows multiple demyelinating patches

Hiatal hernia can present as cardiac mass depending on the size of the hernia. Multimodality imaging helps to identify the cardiac masses accurately.

Penetrating buttock trauma should be considered a life-threatening injury and bleeding is the primary concern for mortality (1,2). Consequently, prompt transfer to trauma centers should be arranged for definitive management without delays for scans.

Pulmonary hemorrhage has been reported in adults but rarely in children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest age at which a patient with COVID-19 infection developed pulmonary hemorrhage with no other underlying cause of it.

Oral, lichen planus is an inflammatory condition with different subtypes that vary greatly in morphology and location; lichen planus on the lip presenting as a verrucous hyperkeratotic plaque has not been previously reported. Familiarity with the different clinical presentations of oral LP and its variants is essential for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

This is the first report of delayed asymptomatic mesh infection caused by hernia mesh. The risk of mesh infection after TEP inguinal hernia repair is low, but it can last for more than 6 years and can even be asymptomatic as long as the mesh remains.

Although metoclopramide has many adverse effects, torsade de pointes (TdP) is rare. Repeated administration of metoclopramide in combination with risk factors for TdP may cause ventricular fibrillation following TdP.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can directly target the central nervous system (CNS). Our findings suggest that neurologic symptoms such as seizures may be the initial presentation of COVID-19. Therefore, In patients presenting with seizures and/or status epilepticus, to consider SARS-Cov-2 infection and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is advised.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a rare breast entity that might mimic malignant lesions. PASH tumors have a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Histologic assessment is needed for a definite diagnosis. Both surgical and non-surgical treatments have been reported to be effective.

A broad ligament pregnancy had been managed by laparoscopy. A 2-cm ectopic pregnancy sac was located in the posterior lobe of the left broad ligament. We identified and separated the ipsilateral ureter during the operation because the ectopic gestational sac was very close to the ureter.

Collision lung tumor associating a typical carcinoid tumor to a sclerosing pneumocytoma is rare. Clinical features are not specific. Positive diagnosis necessitates a close study of microscopic and immunohistochemical features. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties in routine practice and the necessity of ruling out multiple differential diagnoses.

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) can also be diagnosed in a resource-limited setting through proper and meticulous clinical analysis. Accurate diagnostic workup and management of patients with rapidly progressive dementia can be done even in countries with limited available tools and where CJD has never been reported before.

Borderline tuberculoid leprosy should be considered as a differential diagnosis of chronic macrocheilia in countries with a high disease burden. A high index of suspicion, microbiological, and histological tests is required for an accurate diagnosis.

Dysphagia in adolescents requires multi-disciplinary approach for diagnosis and management. Sequential Oral Sensory feeding based on cognitive behavioral therapy is an option for managing behavioral dysphagia.

Recent medical and surgical management has improved the long-term prognosis of MFS and the number of elderly patients increases. Unfamiliar late arterial complications might be kept in mind including ICAAs, because MFS arteries are considered to be easily affected by lifestyle-related diseases with age.

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease in which patients present with severe bowing of the legs, joint pain, and mobility problems. XLH has major adverse repercussions on the quality of life. Its diagnosis begins with a clinical suspicion and the onset of phenotypic and laboratory characteristics, but treatment improves the quality of life.

Lumen-apposing metal stents were initially devised for drainage of pancreatic collections. Repurposed clinical usage for luminal stricture treatment with short postsurgical strictures are emerging, albeit procedural details need to be refined.

Post-COVID-19 telogen effluvium is a diagnosis of exclusion, managed by treating the underlying cause, reassuring the patient, and providing appropriate supplements. We reported a rare case of high-intensity telogen effluvium episodes following even mild upper respiratory infections in an adolescent, and documented bayonet hair as an unprecedented dermoscopic finding.

Since it is rare and does not have particular signs and symptoms, it is relatively hard to diagnose it preoperatively and mostly diagnosed with delay followed by complications, so we should have it in mind in such simmilar cases.

Even non-bilious vomiting can signify a severe underlying condition in newborns and demands careful evaluation.

The synchronous occurrence of DTC and HL is an extremely rare condition. It may pose significant diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. It should be kept in mind by both pathologists and clinicians so as not to miss the diagnosis and to properly plan the therapeutic strategy.

This article reported a case of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB)in a young patient. ITB could mimic many other diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease), abdominal lymphoma, and others which make it difficult to differentiate; hence, many ITB patients could get mis-diagnosed and suffer wrong treatment consequences.

DermatoFibroSarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare recurrent fibrohistiocytic tumor. Because of the rarity of the disease, non-specific presentation and lack of immunohistochemistry (IHC), its diagnosis is often delayed and prompt treatment is deferred, which can lead to complications such as recurrence and metastasis. Given the limitation of available diagnostic modalities in a resource-poor setting, diagnosis can be confusing. As most of the tumors recur with time, our case of complete cure was an interesting phenomenon observed in our case.

Endoscopic images obtained by balloon-assisted enteroscopy showing (A) the diverticulum (arrow) and the intestinal stricture (arrowhead) near the diverticulum (B). Small bowel series during BAE showing the diverticulum (arrow) and small intestine beyond the stricture (arrowhead).

This case report highlights the potentially effective and on-time diagnosis and treatment of the aspergillus involvement in a non-immunocompromised patient with COVID-19 admitted with a neurological ischemic symptom.

This study shows that remdesivir and dexamethasone combination therapy can be considered as a suitable treatment choice for pregnant women infected with COVID-19. It is worth mentioning that more studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of remdesivir monotherapy and its combination with dexamethasone during pregnancy.

A persistent left superior vena cava is a relatively common vascular abnormality, which should be kept in mind and further evaluated during cardiac electrophysiology procedures.

Hemoptysis is an alarming symptom, especially in Behçet disease patients, which requires looking for pulmonary artery aneurysms.

Orf disease might recur even after digital amputation in immunesuppressed patients and topical imiquimod cream in conjunction with systemic subcutaneous interferon alfa-2a is a good treatment option.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) as a relapse of multiple myeloma is rare. EMPs tend to have a poor prognosis with little overall survival. Variable sites of EMP were described. We present a unique case of EMP involving the retrocrural space.

Chronic inflammatory process with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, presence of amastigotes inside the histiocyte in the nose tissue of the patient.

Currarino syndrome is a rare disease and has female pelvic mass, sacral malformation, and congenital anorectal malformation. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific and generally do not affect menstruation and ovulation, but the enlargement of mass may lead to premature delivery, so early diagnosis and treatment are needed. It is not suitable to been punctured before a clear diagnosis and needed a neurosurgeon for treatment.

The right-sided colonic diverticulitis (RSCD) is a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with appendicitis. Laparoscopic visualization and repair of RSCD is a feasible method to make an accurate diagnosis and prevent catastrophic complications in such rare cases.

Early diagnosis and aggressive antifungal therapy accompanied by neuronavigation-guided surgery can increase the chance of recovery in immunosuppressed patients with aspergillus brain abscess.

This case report discusses the ophthalmic complications of frontal sinus mucoceles in a 47-year-old female and describes the favorable long-term surgical outcomes of a combined endoscopic and upper-lid skin crease drainage approach carried out jointly with oculoplastics and otorhinolaryngology.

Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis (CSHR) presents at birth; however, in this case, it is acquired at 10 months of age which is atypical. CSHR is benign and it must be differentiated from malignant form of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.

A massive colorectal lithobezoar with intestinal obstruction as in our case is extremely rare in adults. Treatment based on laxatives and rectal enema is usually insufficient, and manual extraction under general anesthesia is frequently needed.

The features of this mixed lacrimal adenoma are similar to those previously reported for mixed adenomas of other tissues, and a mixed adenome included in the differential diagnoses for firm-to-hard masses expanding the third eyelid in dogs.

Cord compression and ischemic myelitis are a complication of spinal Paget's disease which usually touches a single spine level. We report an unusual case with bilevel spinal cord compression and dysfunction successfully treated with zoledronate.

We used a fetal movement acceleration measurement recorder and showed that two fetuses with gastroschisis had gross fetal movement that was no different from that of normal fetuses, which suggested normal fetal movement could indicate reassuring status also in fetuses with malformation when they have normal neurological developments.

Pallister-Hall syndrome may be misdiagnosed given its extremely low prevalence. This syndrome can be revealed by an acute adrenal crisis.

The impact of severe asthma on a child cannot be underestimated. Omalizumab can have a significant positive effect in selected individuals. Assessment of endotype and phenotype is essential. Stepwise care remains the bedrock of asthma management.

Hearing loss as a result of an Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare sequela following temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis but can be readily managed with prompt diagnosis and embolization of the AVF.

This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of Noonan syndrome, because it is the first Italian case carrying a pathogenic variant in the NRAS gene associated with megalencephaly and overgrowth, without any anomaly in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

It is important to consider a multidisciplinary approach when treating highly invasive tumors such as GS and to be mindful of mechanisms of spread while planning resection in index surgeries.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillary lateral incisors is challenging due to limited space for the insertion of implants, however, the clinical case suggests that the use of extra-narrow Morse Taper implants with hybrid design and hydrophilic surface is a reliable alternative with good outcomes.

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare, benign congenital abnormality. It must be kept in mind to avoid an unnecessary orchiectomy in young patients.

Patients with VWD were thought to have a reduced risk of ischemic stroke (IS) from deficient VWF activities. We report a type 3-VWD patient who experienced an IS. NGS study identified double heterozygosity for two novel VWF mutations, and a protein S PROS1 mutation which might have contributed to IS.

This case series highlights hernia formation as a potential complication following one-stage umbilical vein marsupialization in foals diagnosed with septic omphalophlebitis and should be considered as a possible postoperative complication

Initial bronchoscopy demonstrating (A) obstructing creamy necrotic mass in the distal part of the trachea, carina, and proximal part of right main bronchus; (B) Gross view of the creamy necrotic mass diagnosed as mucormycosis; (C) follow up bronchoscopy 2 months later: main carina deformity and severe right main bronchus narrowing.

This case series describes the use of a non-surgical, biomimetic midfacial development protocol to illustrate successful patterns of third molar eruption.

Odontogenic infection can result in adverse outcomes following augmentation genioplasty and uncommonly may require implant removal. Comprehensive preoperative dental evaluation is recommended to prevent undue patient morbidity.

In patients with high-grade poorly differentiated neoplasms of bladder, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma should be ruled-out through comprehensive immunohistochemistry evaluation considering the different work-up approach and treatment regimens.

Bradyarrhythmias can result in a low cardiac output state despite having a normal left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume. Because cardiac output is defined as the product of heart rate and stroke volume, a low cardiac output state caused by bradyarrhythmias may result in type I cardiorenal syndrome.

When patients with brain tumors undergo cardiac surgery, cerebral hemorrhage or edema may occur. However, with a thorough preoperative evaluation and strict perioperative management, it is possible to complete the surgery without complications.

Laryngectomy surgery is a highly aerosolizing procedure, and we document the key steps, including the addition of a novel Perspex shield, which can be enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce risk to the patient and healthcare professional.

This case report highlights the need for clinicians to monitor patients with rhabdomyosarcoma for pancreatic metastasis to ensure that proper treatment is quickly provided, thereby improving outcomes.

Minimally invasive mitral valve repair and ablation of atrial fibrillation, combined with FVIII level-controlled replacement therapy, can be safely performed in patients with severe hemophilia.