The cover image is based on the Research Article One-pot synthesis of SnS2 Nanosheets supported on g-C3N4 as high capacity and stable cycling anode for sodium-ion batteries by Ha Tran Huu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7377.

The cover image is based on the Research Article Methane storage in clathrate hydrates containing water-miscible oxirane promoters by Jiwoong Seol., https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7378.

This review highlights the current advancements of Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The classification of LDH based on the divalent and trivalent cationic elements with their role to promote photocatalytic activity is reviewed. Next, the efficiency enhancement of metal-based LDH through engineering modifications is systematically discussed.

The battery modeling, state of charge estimation, charging method of Li-ion cell on fault diagnosis and cell balancing of BMS in EV are reviewed. Selection of a suitable model type and parameter identification algorithm is required in battery modeling. Based on the review of SoC estimation, it is stated that an adaptive filter-based estimation and computer intelligence-based estimation may provide reliable results based on the selection of battery model, parameter type, parameter identification algorithm and training algorithm.

The review article presents a detailed exposition of the material developmental strategies for the electrolyte, cathode, and anode of PCFCs. The states-of-the-art synthesis and fabrication techniques as well as prospective and scale-up possibilities of PCFCs were thoughtfully and logically presented.

The recent advancement on transition metal–based electrocatalysts used in the actual operation of anion exchange water electrolysis (AEMWE) process is reviewed. The promising candidates for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and bifunctional water splitting catalysts are identified based on the overall performance and stability.

In the present energy field, there have been such challenges as increasing complexity in controlling energy development and balancing supply and demand, severe overcapacity, redundant energy circulation process, nontransparent data, and difficult energy measurement process with long periods. To tackle such issues, blockchain technology is highly compatible with the energy sector thanks to its features including decentralization, openness, independence, security, and anonymity. The previous research on “blockchain + energy” is limited for the lack of systematic methods and models, with focuses on smart grid, micro grid, energy transaction, energy measurement, etc. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods, this article employs scientific cartography to conduct an in-depth literature analysis on “blockchain + energy,” so as to offer a panoramic understanding of the policies and regulations, research collaborations, research differences, application progress, and development trends in this field. Furthermore, policy suggestions are put forward from two perspectives: the external environment and internal technology, which count as reference for future research and application model innovation of blockchain as well as relevant decision-makers.

• An innovative method for synthesis of O/N/S porous carbon by lyophilisation and one-step carbonization from bio-wastes sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) for supercapacitor.
• The GSLS-800 exhibits excellent specific capacitance and cycle stability.
• The symmetric supercapacitor assembled by GSLS-800 achieves an ascendant balance in energy and power density.

1. Effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and combustion mode on the combustion, performance, and emission of a six-cylinder turbocharged common-rail dimethyl ether (DME) engine with methanol blends are experimentally investigated.
2. The premixed charge compression ignition (P-PCCI) mode effectively decreases the maximum pressure rise rate, and the upper limit of methanol proportion can be well increased.
3. M5 (5 wt% methanol and 95 wt% DME) shows the highest brake thermal efficiency for both the P-PCCI and DICI modes.

In this work, we have some physical properties of NaQF3 (Q = Ag, Pb, Rh, and Ru) flouroperovskites.

Structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of Cs-based halide perovskite compounds CsHgX3 (X=F and Cl) are computed in the framework of density functional theory. The obtained optimized lattice parameters are found to agree with available experimental and other theoretical data. Elastic parameters such as anisotropic factor, bulk modulus, elastic constants, Pugh ratio, and Poisson ratio are predicted. It is observed from the elastic properties measurements that these compounds are ductile, anisotropic, and mechanically stable. Band structures and DOS are performed for the computation of electronic properties and it is found that the calculated band-gap of CsHgF3 is of an indirect and semi-conductive nature, while CsHgCl3 reveals metallic nature. For more clarification of electronic properties, the DOS presents the different contributions of valence states to valence and conduction bands.

In this study, a novel H₂O-vapor-assisted strategy for the formation of MnSe@C yolk-shell nanospheres is introduced. The prepared material is applied as anode for sodium-ion batteries, where the electrochemical conversion reaction mechanism is investigated by in- and ex-situ analyses. Successful encapsulation of active material in carbon shell enables stable cycle performance up to 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹.

In the present study, the influence of ZrO₂ modifications on the activity and stability of MgO-supported Ni catalyst in the BRM reaction was investigated. Although utilization of MgO and ZrO₂ as support for individual catalysts has attracted huge attention, there is a need to investigate the application of mixed oxide ZrO₂-MgO supported Ni catalysts for BRM. Till date, no research has been undertaken in BRM reaction for the suggested metal system that is, Ni/MgO-ZrO₂.

• Nanostructures are holding great promises for better photovoltaic performance by yielding the highest light-harvesting photons within the few nanometer absorber regions.
• Here, we have investigated ultrathin film amorphous silicon solar cell performance which was integrated by top-SiO₂ and bottom-Ag nanogratings as a backside reflector.
• With the influence of optimization parameters, the highest current density of 27.03 and 33.53 mA/cm² obtained from transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarization conditions.

Best compactable structure for proton exchange membrane designed from sandwich nanocomposite layers of SMWCNT and SPES polymer.

Highly porous S-doped carbon (SPCs) materials with a surface area of more than 3000 m² g⁻¹ were prepared from thiophene followed by KOH activation. The synthesized SPCs show excellent capacitive behavior along with high CO₂ and H₂ adsorption.

To understand the feasibility of butanol as potential fuel, the combustion characteristics of butanol and butanol/Jet A-1 blends are examined in a lab-scale swirl stabilized burner, with an emphasis on the effect of preheating of inlet air temperature on the performance characteristics. A 50% butanol-loaded blends show a reduction of 29% CO and 24% NOx compared to neat Jet A-1 whereas 30% loading follows a similar trend, and the pollutant emission is slightly higher than the 50% blend case.

We report on the preparation of a new hybrid nanocomposite comprised of the glycine-modified polyoxomolybdate (Gly)₃PMo₁₂O₄₀) and manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles. The nanocomposite was successfully synthesized under mild ultrasound irradiation and characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX, and VSM techniques. To explore the (Gly)₃PMo₁₂O₄₀@MnFe₂O₄ applicability, it was used in catalytic oxidative desulfurization (Cat-ODS) reactions. The sulfur removal of model fuel could reach up to 95% at 35 °C, the ambient pressure, and the contact time of 1 hour.

Battery in situ testing with multiple non-contact ultrasonic excitation signal methodology.

The main novelties of this research work include the incorporation of low, normal, and high GDP-based energy demands for summer and winter separately, fuel balancing, and carbon capture and sequestration as mitigation techniques, capacity expansion in addition to the already planned power plants, variable transmission and distribution losses, and retirement plan for the existing power plants in the optimization model. The complex problem of energy planning was solved using economic and operation-related data specific to the case study chosen for realistic results.

Hybrid models generally outperform the standard ANFIS model in modeling solar radiation with limited climatic data. The models are recommended to predict monthly solar radiation with limited input data

A novel cooperative equalization system for multi-modules in the battery pack is proposed in this paper. The system combines active and passive equalization, and also includes a fast discharge function for studied. The equalization system is verified in simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed equalizer demonstrates a good performance in different consistency cases by using the proposed control strategy and optimization equalization algorithm.

Hybrid harmonic filtering is investigated for enhancing the harmonic-constrained hosting capacity of distributed generation in distorted grid conditions. Along with increasing the penetration level of distributed generation the harmonic distortion is also substantially reduced instead of being at the verge of the standard limit. Furthermore, the other benefits of deploying HAPF, for HC-HC enhancement, are studied by simulating the system under changing utility-side's BVD and load-side’s NLL conditions.

1. The effects on different doping amount of Ce were compared.
2. The introduction of Ce in NiFe₂O₄ enhanced the oxygen release capacity and hydrogen production capacity.
3. 6 wt% Ce-NiFe₂O₄ exhibited the best hydrogen production and redox reactivity.
4. The load of Al₂O₃ improved the reaction stability of the oxygen carrier.

Proposed the equivalent circuit model of a single thermoelectric cooling component. Constructed the overall system energy transfer and conversion model. Improved the cooling capacity by the counter-flow layout and non-uniform working current allocation.

• For CO₂ separation, a comparison of modified Linde and cryogenic cooling is carried out by using Aspen Plus software and mathematical modelling.
• The effect of CO₂ concentration in the feed gas and recovery of liquid CO₂ on energy penalty is discussed.

1. A novel model of energy hub is proposed, mathematically modeled, and optimized which comprehensively includes all the entities of a modern EH.
2. Stochastic modeling along with the scenario generation and reduction method for uncertain parameters like wind speed, solar irradiance, and load demands make the program faster without compromising on the accuracy of results.
3. Reduction in cost of SEH by the inclusion of DRPs for electric, heating, and as well as cooling loads.

• A variable multi-time-scale based dual estimation framework is proposed.
• A novel multi-objective decision method is presented to select macro time-scale.
• Various operating temperature of the battery is considered in this work.
• Robustness ability of the proposed dual estimation framework is validated.
• The superiority of presented algorithm on comprehensive performance is verified.

The detailed implementation flow of the proposed variable multi-time-scale based dual estimation framework.

This work addresses a new direct synthesis technique used to obtain a novel mesoporous carbon (CMK3) modified with zirconium oxide. This novel material shows promise for hydrogen adsorption and storage application for energy harvesting. A Hydrogen uptake mechanistic approach was proposed and the role of the Zr⁺⁴ cation in hydrogen adsorption was discussed.

Fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation is an efficient process for bioethanol production from high solid loadings of the two Pennisetum sp i.e. Denannath and Hybrid Napier grass. NMR analysis of the residual biomass obtained after the production of ethanol in the bioreactor revealed efficiency of the fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation. Further, life cycle assessment for the process of bioethanol production revealed the competence of the Denannath grass as compared to Hybrid Napier grass.

Strontium cerate (SrCeO₃) has been studied for the first time with respect to its thermophysical and thermoelectric properties. It is found that SrCeO₃ is a good thermoelectric material and can be used as an alternative source of energy owing to its thermoelectric performance indicators like Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and power factor. Interestingly, SrCeO₃ displays a figure of merit value of 0.27 at 700 K which suggests that this compound has the potential to be used in the thermoelectric device sector.

The current article entitled “Performance analysis of a single cell-ultra-high concentration Photovoltaic Thermal (HCPV/T) module Based on pin-fins cooling microchannel” is carrying out the performance investigation of an actively cooled Fresnel-based single-cell ultra-high concentration photovoltaic/thermal (UHCPV/T) system under concentration ratios (CR)s ranged between 500× and 2500×. Four cooling finned heat sink designs have been studied, that is, the in-line cylindrical pin fins (ICY), staggered cylindrical pin fins (SCY), in-line conical pin fins (ICO), and staggered conical pin fins (SCO). The analysis was carried out to study and optimize the maximum operating MJSC temperature, coolant flow outlet temperature, pressure drop across, and the thermal, electrical, and overall efficiency enhancement of the whole Fresnel-based UHCVP/T system. The numerical model has been first validated and then used to simulate the impact on the concentration ratio and Reynolds number on the limitations and records of each cooling finned design of the UHCPV/T. It was found that even though the aluminum-based ICO pin fins heat sink can achieve the optimum overall efficiency of 80.20% under 2000× and Re of 428, yet the aluminum-based ICY is the most appropriate pin-fins heat sink design for desalination purposes since it corresponds to the highest water outlet temperature of 66.16°C with a second-ranked overall efficiency of 72.5% under the same operating conditions.

Structure of a typical microgrid configuration.

Investigates the water mole fraction distribution in the PEMFC under different operating conditions and analyzes the catalyst carbon corrosion in the non-flooded area and the corrosion in the flooded area.

SiO₂-, Al₂O₃-, and SiO₂-AlsO₃-based catalysts containing different Si/Al ratios have been prepared to study the effect of the support nature on the methanol steam reforming process catalyst. SiO₂-Al₂O₃-based catalysts showed better performance compared to SiO₂- and Al₂O₃-based catalysts due to their high surface area and pore volume. In addition, the γ-Al₂O₃ based catalyst produced a relatively large amount of CO, whereas those supported on amorphous SiO₂-Al₂O₃ yielded much less CO.

1. Chromium oxyhydroxide (CrO(OH) xH₂O) with proton conductivity (0.31 S cm⁻¹) is synthesized by a simple and environmental friendly sol-gel method.
2. CrO(OH) xH₂O exhibits a high water absorption capacity of 450 mg g⁻¹, contributing to the formation of a hydrogen bond network, and promoting the rapid transmission of protons.
3. SPEAK-3% CrO(OH) membrane shows a proton conductivity (0.17 S cm⁻¹) comparable to Nafion.

1. Graphene foam (GF) was introduced into CoMn(PO4)2 as conductive support
2. The CoMn(PO4)2/GF composite exhibited an improved electrochemical performances
3. A hybrid device was assembled using the CoMn(PO4)2/GF and AC electrodes

The proposed method shows that the PV is floating in the sea, pools, reservoir, and so on. The temperature of the water does not affect the floating PV panel but it provides some advantage for the system and improves the system efficiency. The major advantage of the floating PV system is the absence of shadows, so there are no barriers present in power generation. The structure of the floating PV is based on the raft supportive model. Raft contain drums or plastic blocks which are used for the purpose of floating the PV panel above the water surface. The PV-generated power is a direct current (DC) that is collected in the combiner boxes, after that the direct current is changed into an alternate current (AC) with the help of an inverter. The disadvantage of the floating PV system is power generation variation and control which is mitigated via a proper energy storage device. Generally, batteries are preferred for solar PV systems since battery energy storage systems are easy to mounted on the solar system, as well batteries are completely established for industrial purposes and more accurate to perform. Although, batteries have an imperfect lifetime and are more expensive, and the major issue is waste removal or reusing at that moment of the last life cycle. Compared to lifetime and cost, compressed air energy storage system (CAESS) have more advantage than the battery, that store electrical energy in underground caves or above the ground by the form of compressed atmosphere air. Need for an excess amount of electrical energy, the compressed air storage released the forced air to heat and passed over the turbine to generate electrical energy. The compressor produces high-pressure air in the form of molecular potential energy that was stored in the air storage subsystem. Because high-pressure air diminishes the necessary strength for control high-pressure air and cost.

Trimetallic pentrladite sulfide of Fe, Ni and Co enwrapped with carbon layer was successfully synthesized by a solid-state copolymerization and a follwoing pyrolysis. It was revealed that electrochemical activity of (Fe, Ni, Co)₉S₈ depends on structural parameters not elemental composition and that carbon shell is effective for protecting the catalyst. The catalyst showed the overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 for oxygen evolution reaction and demonstrated the stability over 500 cyclic voltammetry cycles.

• A CCHP and multi-effect desalination (MED) hypbrid system combined with IR-SOFC and MGT is invetigated.
• Thermoeconomic analysis and multi-objective optimization are conducted to obtain optimal system design parameters and overall performance.
• It is validated that the system exergy efficiency and the system total cost per unit exergy are conflicted with the freshwater production.

This research will discuss optimum operating strategies for an urban microgrid, including PV panels, wind turbines, and battery storage system. To remove the uncertainties and developing a robust model for operating control scenarios, hybrid forecasting models with a minimum error are proposed for electrical load demand and wind speed forecasting.

The increase in the turbine condenser vacuum is achieved by resealing the moving and fixed points of the steam turbine and turbine condenser and increasing the cooling water flow through the turbine condenser. The steam turbine low-pressure cylinder generates more power and consequently increases the useful efficiency of the process by as much as 2.48 %. The disadvantage of the increased vacuum in the turbine condenser lies in the increased cavitation load of the last stages of the stator and rotor blades.

The novelties of this paper are summarized as follows:

• A universal approach was proposed for evaluating the energy consumption performance of the high sulfur natural gas purification system.
• A system is established for hierarchical energy consumption indicators while presenting the detailed definition of evaluation indicators for process, unit, and device. And a solution of process energy consumption benchmark based on ANN and PSO is proposed.
• A case study of natural gas purification plant in China is given to illustrate the computational process of energy consumption benchmark in detail.

The composites constructed from SnS₂ nanosheets in porous g-C₃N₄ matrix were synthesized via one-step solid state reaction. The enhancement in electrochemical performance of these composites was demonstrated as promising anode for sodium ions batteries in both half- and full-cell configuration which is contributed to the good accommodation of g-C₃N₄ to volume change of SnS₂ along with the self-induced internal electric field formed at the heterointerface of the components.

Sustainable and energy-efficient methane storage in clathrate hydrate containing water-miscible promoters, propylene oxide, and epoxyisobutane.

In this paper, the authors compare the AEM and conventional electrolysis technologies within a unique analytical model. Several electrolytes are tested under several conditions to be as general as possible, and not linked to a particular device at it is usually done. Finally, the path to 3D AEM modelling is explored, as the author thinks it is a good way for electrolysis performance improvement for those who do not have access to electrolyser devices.

Parametric analyses are performed to identify and compare the effects of two different optimization methods, electrochemical modification, and structure optimization, on the performance of porous electrodes in microfluidic fuel cell (MFC). Useful guidance is given for the fabrication of high-performance porous electrode in the future development of MFCs.

An additively manufactured geothermal heat exchanger was designed and developed via Direct-Metal-Laser-Sintering technique to demonstrate an innovative approach of utilizing geothermal energy. The geothermal heat exchanger developed here eliminates the current need to excavate the soil and install the long piping as conventionally required for the common geothermal systems, while the modular design allows it for easy scaling to meet different thermal loads. A detailed cost analysis was conducted to estimate the total cost per part for this prototype.

1. Multilayered proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated graphene oxide were constructed. 2. A 1000-hour proton conductivity was 2.71×10^-2 S/cm at 140 °C. 3. The maximum tensile stress reached 12.8 MPa.

Herein we present an aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) using 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ-OH) and potassium iodide (KI) as redox couple. With the use of carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotube doped carbon felt (CA-CNT@CF) and the control of KI concentration to suppress the side reaction of KI and occurrence of polyiodide, the stable performance of AORFB was achieved.

The Co₃O₄/C derived from ZIF-67 is investigated towards the electrocatalytic activity of HER.

Results shows Co₃O₄/C has a low Tafel slope of 69.37 mV/dec and a low charge transfer resistance of 2.05 ω.

Reaction follows Volmer-Heyrvosky mechanism with electrochemical desorption of hydrogen as rate limiting step.

In this study, we propose a viable method to introduce a controlled amount of mesopores into microporous carbon, which can remarkably improve the electrochemical performance of Na−Se batteries.

First, process models using SEE, MEE, MVR-assisted SEE, and MVR-assisted MEE were developed to predict the energy consumption of the evaporation process, and the simulation result was comparatively analyzed to verify the energy efficiency of the suggested MVR-assisted MEE. Second, the economic evaluation was conducted to derive optimal economic MVR-assisted MEE configuration. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the effect of the main economic parameters on the optimal economic MVR-assisted MEE configuration.

Our present work provides a significant contribution in the electrodeposition process to deposit ultra-smooth, thin silk film by decreasing the required voltage for deposition. Along with that the innate piezoelectric property of the as prepared film is studied well with the fabrication of highly reliable and stable silk-based flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator.

Current work proposes an integrated scheme of chemical looping combustion (CLC) and bi-reforming process for syngas production with a syngas ratio of 2 and without CO₂ emissions. The proposed scheme can meet the pure “CO₂ demand” as a co-feed and “heat demand” of the highly endothermic bi-reforming process by thermal and mass integration with CLC process.

A new route based on 3D mesostructuring of a single crystalline half-metallic oxide is demonstrated to achieve the ultrafast electrochemical capacitor electrodes. The 3D mesostructured single crystalline Fe₃O₄ electrode fabricated by heteroepitaxial electrodeposition through self-assembled templates shows excellent AC line filtering performances, benefitting from high crystalline matrix with low defect density and 3D interconnected periodic pores.

The biomass-based Co₂P nanoparticles supported on porous N, P-doped carbon matrix achieves high hydrogen evolution reaction in both acidic and alkaline condition.

Three model-based estimators are designed to estimate lithium-ion battery SoC for electric vehicles. To verify the proposed SoC estimation algorithms, their performances are evaluated and compared by experimentation.

In this study, hollow carbon nanospheres encapsulating ZnSe crystals are synthesized via drop-and-dry process, followed by subsequent selenization. The acquired composite exerts excellent electrochemical properties including cycle and rate performances, demonstrating the effects of managing the size and position of ZnSe crystals upon hollow carbon nanospheres.

1. The fundamentals of the H2 permeation technique through palladium-based membranes were investigated. 2. The H2 permeability of the plasma-catalyst system reaches 100% in most input gas flow rates. 3. The H2 permeability results of the zeolite type SA-600A were higher than zeolite type 330-HUDIA. 4. The DBD plasma with zeolite materials showed a future potential to induce hydrogen separation.

• Significant enhancement in MFCs performance using novel bio-based PANI/PLA anode.
• Demonstration of next-generation sustainable anode fabrication using electrospinning.
• Bio-synergistic of wastewater-borne microbial consortia and composite electrode.
• Practical application of mediator-less dual-chambered MFCs in wastewater treatment.

Covariance matching - electrical equivalent circuit modeling for lithium-ion battery packs. (a) Battery charge-discharge mechanism. (b) Cell-to-cell difference and inconsistency in battery packs. (c) Electrical equivalent modeling and state-of-balance evaluation. (d) Temperature influence on the battery characteristics

Bubble morphology and electric field distribution in a nonuniform electric field. (a) Bubble deformation and motion shape and distribution of electric field and (b) velocity vector diagram of the fluid inside and outside the bubble.

In this research, three different active greenhouse dryers, which are grouped in direct solar drying systems, have been designed, fabricated, and experimentally analyzed. An experimental investigation on nano-embedded thermal storage-assisted greenhouse drying system is performed. The impact of utilizing nano-enhanced thermal energy storage unit on the performance of a greenhouse dryer is studied.

In this work, artificial neural network (ANN) models and particle swarm optimization (PSO) models based on machine learning were built to predict the HHVs of MSW quickly. Four kinds of BP ANN models and two PSO models were built using proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of 33 MSW samples as input variables. As a comparison, three classical linear empirical models employed from publications were also used.

Photocatalytic water splitting activities of c-a junctioned TiO₂ are largely affected by interface electric fields phase boundary exposed to the surface. This work successfully demonstrated two new important factors in the design of photoactive semiconductors: interface electric field and surface parallelization.

In Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films prepared by selenizing metallic precursors, there is double-layer distribution that can degrade the performance of the solar cell. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the number of air holes and alleviate double-layer distribution in the CZTSe absorber by using a simple method with adjusting the heating rate during selenization. By adjusting the heating rates, crystal quality was greatly improved, and the method led to the improvement in the conversion efficiency of CZTSe solar cells.

Cu doping behavior in a binary Bi2Te3 prepared by a conventional melt-solidification process was demonstrated, and corresponding changes in electronic and thermal transport properties were investigated. At low Cu concentrations (x ≤ 0.008 in CuxBi2Te3), interlayer intercalation of Cu optimizes electron concentration and increases the effective mass. At higher Cu concentrations (0.012 ≤ x ≤ 0.02), power factor enhancement is due to the substituted Cu at Bi-site, which increases the weighted mobility ratio.

1. ReaxFF interatomic potential and MD simulations were conducted to study the kinetic behavior of aluminium doped amorphous lithiated silicon (a-Li_xSiAl_y) compounds in silicon anode based LIBs.
2. The results show that the specific amount of alumina can improve diffusivity but is not as significant as in the case of aluminium.
3. Doping of aluminium and its amphoteric oxide can increase the diffusion coefficient of Li in LiSi batteries.
4. Progressively this can improve the capacity and cycle performance of batteries.