One-pot synthesis of SnS2 Nanosheets supported on g-C3N4 as high capacity and stable cycling anode for sodium-ion batteries
Ha Tran Huu
Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHang T. T. Le
School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Search for more papers by this authorThanh Huong Nguyen
Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
Search for more papers by this authorLan Nguyen Thi
Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Vien Vo
Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
Correspondence
Vien Vo, Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh, Vietnam.
Email: [email protected]
Won Bin Im, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Won Bin Im
Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Vien Vo, Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh, Vietnam.
Email: [email protected]
Won Bin Im, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorHa Tran Huu
Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHang T. T. Le
School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Search for more papers by this authorThanh Huong Nguyen
Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
Search for more papers by this authorLan Nguyen Thi
Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Vien Vo
Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
Correspondence
Vien Vo, Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh, Vietnam.
Email: [email protected]
Won Bin Im, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Won Bin Im
Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Vien Vo, Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, 170 An Duong Vuong, Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh, Vietnam.
Email: [email protected]
Won Bin Im, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: Vietnamese Bộ Giáo dục và Ðào tạo, Grant/Award Number: B2021-DQN-04; Korea Government (MOTIE), Grant/Award Number: P0017012; Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT); Korean Government (MSIT); Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Grant/Award Numbers: NRF-2018R1A5A1025224, NRF-2017R1A2B3011967
Summary
Despite being established as the most popular commercial energy storage system (ESS), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are still facing practical issues due to their high cost and limited availability of the lithium source. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which have economic and environmental costs, but on-par performance compared to LIBs, are now being considered as the next-generation ESS. Herein, we report a facile and mass-scalable synthesis of SnS2 nanosheets grafting on porous g-C3N4 via direct solid-state reaction from tin (IV) acetate and thiourea as precursors. The synthesized SnS2@g-C3N4 composites served as an anode active material for SIBs with outstanding performances in terms of high capacity and ultralong cycling stability. The optimum anode delivered an initial discharge capacity of 1350.7 mAh g−1 and the first coulombic efficiency of 55.13%. However, this composite can offer a remarkable charge capacity of 919.6 and 602.7 mAh g−1 after 400 and 3000 cycles at specific currents of 500 and 2000 mA g−1, respectively. The enhancement in the cyclability of the obtained composites is attributed to the presence of g-C3N4 as a scaffolding material effectively relieving serious strains induced by the volume variation of SnS2 during sodium storage. The high exfoliation of SnS2 nanosheets with larger interlayer spacing as well as the presence of a self-induced internal electric field formed at the heterointerface of SnS2 and g-C3N4 enables the enhanced transport of electrons and sodium ions, accompanied by the improvement in their electrochemical performance.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| er7377-sup-0001-supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 5.6 MB | Data S1. Supporting Information. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
REFERENCES
- 1Vikström H, Davidsson S, Höök M. Lithium availability and future production outlooks. Appl Energy. 2013; 110: 252-266.
- 2Speirs J, Contestabile M, Houari Y, Gross R. The future of lithium availability for electric vehicle batteries. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2014; 35: 183-193.
- 3Slater MD, Kim D, Lee E, Johnson CS. Sodium-ion batteries. Adv Funct Mater. 2013; 23: 947-958.
- 4Kim J-H, Kim DK. Conversion-alloying anode materials for Na-ion batteries: recent progress, challenges, and perspective for the future. J Kor Cer Soc. 2018; 55: 307-324.
- 5Hu Y, Wayment LJ, Haslam C, et al. Covalent organic framework based Lithium-ion battery: fundamental, design and characterization. EnergyChem. 2020; 3:100048.
10.1016/j.enchem.2020.100048 Google Scholar
- 6Abraham K. How comparable are sodium-ion batteries to lithium-ion counterparts? ACS Energy Lett. 2020; 5: 3544-3547.
- 7Wen Y, He K, Zhu Y, et al. Expanded graphite as superior anode for sodium-ion batteries. Nat Commun. 2014; 5: 1-10.
- 8Gong S, Lee J, Kim HS. Development of electrode architecture using Sb–rGO composite and CMC binder for high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes. J Kor Cer Soc. 2020; 57: 91-97.
- 9Lotfabad EM, Ding J, Cui K, et al. High-density sodium and lithium ion battery anodes from banana peels. ACS Nano. 2014; 8: 7115-7129.
- 10Stojanovska E, Pampal ES, Kilic A, Quddus M, Candan Z. Developing and characterization of lignin-based fibrous nanocarbon electrodes for energy storage devices. Compos Part B Eng. 2019; 158: 239-248.
- 11Islam M, Ali G, Jeong MG, Chung KY, Nam KW, Jung HG. Electrochemical storage behavior of NiCo2O4 nanoparticles anode with structural and morphological evolution in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Int J Energy Res. 2021; 45: 15036-15048.
- 12Abubshait HA, Alshahrani T, Alhashim HH, et al. Dual coating strategy of CoS2@co@C toward fast insertion/extraction anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Int J Energy Res. 2021; 45: 5283-5292.
- 13Hwang J-Y, Myung S-T, Sun Y-K. Sodium-ion batteries: present and future. Chem Soc Rev. 2017; 46: 3529-3614.
- 14Ma C, Jiang J, Han Y, Gong X, Yang Y, Yang G. The composite of carbon nanotube connecting SnO2/reduced graphene clusters as highly reversible anode material for lithium−/sodium-ion batteries and full cell. Compos Part B Eng. 2019; 169: 109-117.
- 15Sun W, Rui X, Yang D, et al. Two-dimensional tin disulfide nanosheets for enhanced sodium storage. ACS Nano. 2015; 9: 11371-11381.
- 16Dogrusoz M, Demir-Cakan R. Mechanochemical synthesis of SnS anodes for sodium ion batteries. Int J Energy Res. 2020; 44: 10809-10820.
- 17Zhou P, Wang X, Guan W, Zhang D, Fang L, Jiang Y. SnS2 nanowall arrays toward high-performance sodium storage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017; 9: 6979-6987.
- 18Wang L, Yuan J, Zhao Q, et al. Supported SnS2 nanosheet array as binder-free anode for sodium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta. 2019; 308: 174-184.
- 19Ma C, Xu J, Alvarado J, et al. Investigating the energy storage mechanism of SnS2-rGO composite anode for advanced Na-ion batteries. Chem Mater. 2015; 27: 5633-5640.
- 20Wang Y, Zhou J, Wu J, et al. Engineering SnS2 nanosheet assemblies for enhanced electrochemical lithium and sodium ion storage. J Mater Chem A. 2017; 5: 25618-25624.
- 21Li S, Zhao Z, Li C, Liu Z, Li D. SnS2@C hollow nanospheres with robust structural stability as high-performance anodes for sodium ion batteries. Nano-Micro Lett. 2019; 11: 1-9.
- 22Wang L, Zhao Q, Wang Z, et al. Cobalt-doping SnS2 nanosheets towards high-performance anodes for sodium ion batteries. Nanoscale. 2020; 12: 248-255.
- 23Xie Y, Fan M, Shen T, Liu Q, Chen Y. SnS2 nanoplates as stable anodes for sodium ion and lithium ion batteries. Mater Technol. 2016; 31: 646-652.
- 24Zhang L, Yao B, Sun C, Shi S, Xu W, Zhao K. Sulfur-deficient porous SnS2−x microflowers as superior anode for alkaline ion batteries. Materials. 2020; 13: 443.
- 25Xie X, Su D, Chen S, Zhang J, Dou S, Wang G. SnS2 Nanoplatelet@ graphene nanocomposites as high-capacity anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Chem Asian J. 2014; 9: 1611-1617.
- 26Jiang Y, Song D, Wu J, et al. Sandwich-like SnS2/graphene/SnS2 with expanded interlayer distance as high-rate lithium/sodium-ion battery anode materials. ACS Nano. 2019; 13: 9100-9111.
- 27Qu B, Ma C, Ji G, et al. Layered SnS2-reduced graphene oxide composite–a high-capacity, high-rate, and long-cycle life sodium-ion battery anode material. Adv Mater. 2014; 26: 3854-3859.
- 28Ren Y, Wang J, Huang X, Ding J. Three-dimensional SnS2 flowers/carbon nanotubes network: extraordinary rate capacity for sodium-ion battery. Mater Lett. 2017; 186: 57-61.
- 29Wu Y, Nie P, Wu L, Dou H, Zhang X. 2D MXene/SnS2 composites as high-performance anodes for sodium ion batteries. Chem Eng J. 2018; 334: 932-938.
- 30Sim GJ, Ma K, Huang Z, Huang S, Wang Y, Yang H. Two-dimensional SnS2 nanosheets on Prussian blue template for high performance sodium ion batteries. Front Chem Sci Eng. 2019; 13: 493-500.
- 31Tran Huu H, Nguyen Thi XD, van Nguyen K, Kim SJ, Vo V. A facile synthesis of MoS2/g-C3N4 composite as an anode material with improved lithium storage capacity. Materials. 2019; 12: 1730.
- 32Huu HT, Le HT, Nguyen VP, et al. Facile one-step synthesis of g–C3N4–supported WS2 with enhanced lithium storage properties. Electrochim Acta. 2020; 341: 136010.
- 33Pathak DD, Dutta DP, Ravuri BR, Ballal A, Joshi AC, Tyagi AK. An insight into the effect of g-C3N4 support on the enhanced performance of ZnS nanoparticles as anode material for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta. 2021; 370:137715.
- 34Luo Y, Yan Y, Zheng S, Xue H, Pang H. Graphitic carbon nitride based materials for electrochemical energy storage. J Mater Chem A. 2019; 7: 901-924.
- 35Didwal PN, Verma R, Min C-W, Park C-J. Synthesis of 3-dimensional interconnected porous Na3V2(PO4)3@C composite as a high-performance dual electrode for Na-ion batteries. J Power Sources. 2019; 413: 1-10.
- 36Yan S, Li Z, Zou Z. Photodegradation performance of g-C3N4 fabricated by directly heating melamine. Langmuir. 2009; 25: 10397-10401.
- 37Wang X, Maeda K, Thomas A, et al. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat Mater. 2009; 8: 76-80.
- 38Meenu PC, Datta SP, Singh SA, Dinda S, Chakraborty C, Roy S. Polyaniline supported g-C3N4 quantum dots surpass benchmark Pt/C: development of morphologically engineered g-C3N4 catalysts towards “metal-free” methanol electro-oxidation. J Power Sources. 2020; 461:228150.
- 39Damkale SR, Arbuj SS, Umarji GG, et al. Two-dimensional hexagonal SnS2 nanostructures for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and dye degradation. Sustain Energy Fuels. 2019; 3: 3406-3414.
- 40Dong G, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Qiu J. A fantastic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) material: electronic structure, photocatalytic and photoelectronic properties. J Photochem Photobiol C. 2014; 20: 33-50.
- 41Yu W, Xu D, Peng T. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 for selective CO2 reduction to CH3OH via facile coupling of ZnO: a direct Z-scheme mechanism. J Mater Chem A. 2015; 3: 19936-19947.
- 42Sharma P, Sasson Y. A photoactive catalyst Ru–g-C3N4 for hydrogen transfer reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Green Chem. 2017; 19: 844-852.
- 43Sakthivel S, Kisch H. Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide. ChemPhysChem. 2003; 4: 487-490.
- 44Beetz C Jr, Ascarelli G. The low frequency vibrations of pyrimidine and purine bases. Spectrochim Acta A: Mol Spectros. 1980; 36: 299-313.
- 45Zhou Y, Zhang L, Huang W, et al. N-doped graphitic carbon-incorporated g-C3N4 for remarkably enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light. Carbon. 2016; 99: 111-117.
- 46Ben-Refael A, Benisti I, Paz Y. Transient photoinduced phenomena in graphitic carbon nitride as measured at nanoseconds resolution by step-scan FTIR. Catal Today. 2020; 340: 97-105.
- 47Chen X, Zhang J, Fu X, Antonietti M, Wang X. Fe-g-C3N4-catalyzed oxidation of benzene to phenol using hydrogen peroxide and visible light. J Amer Chem Soc. 2009; 131: 11658-11659.
- 48Wang S, Zhan J, Chen K, et al. Potassium-doped g-C3N4 achieving efficient visible-light-driven CO2 reduction. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2020; 8: 8214-8222.
- 49Jing L, Xu Y, Chen Z, et al. Different morphologies of SnS2 supported on 2D g-C3N4 for excellent and stable visible light photocatalytic hydrogen generation. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2018; 6: 5132-5141.
- 50Niu P, Zhang L, Liu G, Cheng HM. Graphene-like carbon nitride nanosheets for improved photocatalytic activities. Adv Funct Mater. 2012; 22: 4763-4770.
- 51Miller DR, Wang J, Gillan EG. Rapid, facile synthesis of nitrogen-rich carbon nitride powders. J Mater Chem. 2002; 12: 2463-2469.
- 52Liu J, Zhang T, Wang Z, Dawson G, Chen W. Simple pyrolysis of urea into graphitic carbon nitride with recyclable adsorption and photocatalytic activity. J Mater Chem. 2011; 21: 14398-14401.
- 53Lotsch BV, Döblinger M, Sehnert J, et al. Unmasking melon by a complementary approach employing electron diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations—structural characterization of a carbon nitride polymer. Chem Eur J. 2007; 13: 4969-4980.
- 54Sun L, Zhao X, Jia C-J, et al. Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4–ZnWO4 by fabricating a heterojunction: investigation based on experimental and theoretical studies. J Mater Chem. 2012; 22: 23428-23438.
- 55Tran HH, Nguyen PH, Le MLP, Kim S-J, Vo V. SnO2 nanosheets/graphite oxide/g-C3N4 composite as enhanced performance anode material for lithium ion batteries. Chem Phys Lett. 2019; 715: 284-292.
- 56Joseph A, Anjitha C, Aravind A, Aneesh P. Structural, optical and magnetic properties of SnS2 nanoparticles and photo response characteristics of p-Si/n-SnS2 heterojunction diode. Appl Surf Sci. 2020; 528:146977.
- 57Dashairya L, Sharma M, Basu S, Saha P. SnS2/RGO based nanocomposite for efficient photocatalytic degradation of toxic industrial dyes under visible-light irradiation. J Alloys Compd. 2019; 774: 625-636.
- 58Jiang D, Li J, Xing C, Zhang Z, Meng S, Chen M. Two-dimensional CaIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterojunction nanocomposite with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activities: interfacial engineering and mechanism insight. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015; 7: 19234-19242.
- 59Zhang H, Jiang X, Wu W, Mo Y. Electron conjugation versus π–π repulsion in substituted benzenes: why the carbon–nitrogen bond in nitrobenzene is longer than in aniline. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2016; 18: 11821-11828.
- 60Li J, Shen B, Hong Z, Lin B, Gao B, Chen Y. A facile approach to synthesize novel oxygen-doped g-C3N4 with superior visible-light photoreactivity. Chem Commun. 2012; 48: 12017-12019.
- 61Jiang J, Ou-yang L, Zhu L, et al. Dependence of electronic structure of g-C3N4 on the layer number of its nanosheets: a study by Raman spectroscopy coupled with first-principles calculations. Carbon. 2014; 80: 213-221.
- 62Chen J, Mao Z, Zhang L, et al. Nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride with enhanced performance for lithium ion battery anodes. ACS Nano. 2017; 11: 12650-12657.
- 63Chuang P-K, Wu K-H, Yeh T-F, Teng H. Extending the π-conjugation of g-C3N4 by incorporating aromatic carbon for photocatalytic H2 evolution from aqueous solution. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2016; 4: 5989-5997.
- 64Xia P, Cheng B, Jiang J, Tang H. Localized π-conjugated structure and EPR investigation of g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Appl Surf Sci. 2019; 487: 335-342.
- 65Zhang J-R, Ma Y, Wang S-Y, et al. Accurate K-edge X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectra of g-C3N4 nanosheets by first-principles simulations and reinterpretations. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2019; 21: 22819-22830.
- 66Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xie F, Vasileff A, Qiao SZ. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-derived N-rich graphene with Tuneable interlayer distance as a high-rate anode for sodium-ion batteries. Adv Mater. 2019; 31:1901261.
- 67Szuber J, Czempik G, Larciprete R, Koziej D, Adamowicz B. XPS study of the L-CVD deposited SnO2 thin films exposed to oxygen and hydrogen. Thin Solid Films. 2001; 391: 198-203.
- 68Liang LY, Liu ZM, Cao HT, Pan XQ. Microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of SnO thin films prepared on quartz via a two-step method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010; 2: 1060-1065.
- 69Li H, Zhang B, Wang X, et al. Heterostructured SnO2-SnS2@C embedded in nitrogen-doped graphene as a robust anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Front Chem. 2019; 7: 339.
- 70Prikhodchenko PV, Denis Y, Batabyal SK, et al. Nanocrystalline tin disulfide coating of reduced graphene oxide produced by the peroxostannate deposition route for sodium ion battery anodes. J Mater Chem A. 2014; 2: 8431-8437.
- 71Patel M, Kim J, Kim YK. Growth of large-area SnS films with oriented 2D SnS layers for energy-efficient broadband optoelectronics. Adv Funct Mater. 2018; 28:1804737.
- 72Xu X, Zhou D, Qin X, et al. A room-temperature sodium–sulfur battery with high capacity and stable cycling performance. Nat Commun. 2018; 9: 1-12.
- 73Wei S, Xu S, Agrawral A, et al. A stable room-temperature sodium–sulfur battery. Nat Commun. 2016; 7: 1-10.
- 74Kamali AR, Kim H-K, Kim K-B, Kumar RV, Fray DJ. Large scale green production of ultra-high capacity anode consisting of graphene encapsulated silicon nanoparticles. J Mater Chem A. 2017; 5: 19126-19135.
- 75Veith GM, Baggetto L, Adamczyk LA, et al. Electrochemical and solid-state lithiation of graphitic C3N4. Chem Mater. 2013; 25: 503-508.
- 76Ye S, Wang L, Liu F, et al. G-C3N4 derivative artificial organic/inorganic composite solid electrolyte interphase layer for stable lithium metal anode. Adv Energy Mater. 2020; 10:2002647.
- 77Lu Z, Liang Q, Wang B, et al. Graphitic carbon nitride induced micro-electric field for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes. Adv Energy Mater. 2019; 9:1803186.
- 78Guo Y, Niu P, Liu Y, et al. An autotransferable g-C3N4 Li+-modulating layer toward stable lithium anodes. Adv Mater. 2019; 31:1900342.
- 79Wang Y-L, Tian Y, Lang Z-L, Guan W, Yan L-K. A highly efficient Z-scheme B-doped g-C3N4/SnS2 photocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction: a computational study. J Mater Chem A. 2018; 6: 21056-21063.
- 80Zhang R, Bi L, Wang D, et al. Investigation on various photo-generated carrier transfer processes of SnS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2020; 578: 431-440.
- 81Chen S-h, Wang J-j, Huang J, Li Q-x. G-C3N4/SnS2 heterostructure: a promising water splitting photocatalyst. Chin J Chem Phys. 2017; 30: 36.
- 82Yu F, Liu Z, Zhou R, Tan D, Wang H, Wang F. Pseudocapacitance contribution in boron-doped graphite sheets for anion storage enables high-performance sodium-ion capacitors. Mater Horiz. 2018; 5: 529-535.
- 83Tabata S, Isshiki Y, Watanabe M. Inverse opal carbons derived from a polymer precursor as electrode materials for electric double-layer capacitors. J Electrochem Soc. 2008; 155: K42.
- 84Tran Huu H, Im WB. Facile green synthesis of Pseudocapacitance-contributed ultrahigh capacity Fe2(MoO4)3 as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020; 12: 35152-35163.
- 85Huu HT, Viswanath N, Vu NH, Lee J-W, Im WB. Low-temperature synthesis of Fe2(MoO4)3 nanosheets: a cathode for sodium ion batteries with kinetics enhancement. Nano Res. 2021; 14: 1-11.
10.1007/s12274-021-3323-1 Google Scholar
- 86Jang JY, Lee Y, Kim Y, et al. Interfacial architectures based on a binary additive combination for high-performance Sn4P3 anodes in sodium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A. 2015; 3: 8332-8338.
- 87Hu X, Ni Y, Wang C, et al. Facile-processed nanocarbon-promoted sulfur cathode for highly stable sodium-sulfur batteries. Cell Rep Phys Sci. 2020; 1:100015.
10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100015 Google Scholar
- 88Zu C, Fu Y, Manthiram A. Highly reversible Li/dissolved polysulfide batteries with binder-free carbon nanofiber electrodes. J Mater Chem A. 2013; 1: 10362-10367.
