Melatonin's role in cancer treatment and nanotechnological developments for efficient delivery of the drug to the targeted sites. Natural sources of MLT, its physiological functions and mechanism of action is explained in detail along with targeted sites in humans for the easy delivery of the MLT administered via nanostructured materials.

DNA origami technology. (A) Schematic shows the fabrication process of classic DNA origami nanostructures. (B) Representative two-dimensional DNA origami shapes. (C) Representative three-dimensional multilayered DNA origami nanostructures.

Nanobodies (Nbs) are the variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies derived from the blood of camelids or sharks. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the discovery and production of novel nanobodies, and their use in detection and diagnosis platforms.

Review Paper highlighted the background of thermosensitive hydrogels, their properties, and their applications in transdermal, oral, ophthalmic, intravaginal, nasal, rectal, cancer therapy, and cell-loaded drug delivery systems as shown in the preview.

The current therapeutic applications of orodispersible films (ODFs) are delivered either locally or systemically for potential patients suffering from various diseases, including oral inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, pain disorders, nausea and vomiting, mood or mental disorders, erectile dysfunction and pulmonary diseases

Schematic of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and its nanotechnology delivery methods. The CRISPR/Cas9 system can be delivered in the forms of DNA, mRNA/sgRNA, or ribonucleoprotein (RNP). The gene editing tools based on CRISPR/Cas9 include CRISPR knockout (CRISPR KO), CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa). Lipid nanoparticles, polymers, inorganic compounds, polypeptide, dendrimers, and extracellular vesicles are the most often employed substances for CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery. Created with Biorender.com.

Lipopeptides are surface active molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions and are kenned to be engendered by different species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. These lipopeptides can be applied in different domains because of their remarkable properties like antibacterial, antifungal, anticorrosion, antitumor, and antiviral. They act by engendering pores in the cell membrane to perforate and conclusively disrupt them.

The combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing and sacrifice-based technique shows great promise to fabricate engineered vasculature. A sacrificial template with intricate features can be created by 3D printing. After casting and removing the sacrificial template in a biological scaffold, the engineered vasculature can be generated to mimic its native counterpart.

Transethosomes are drug-delivery vesicles composed of a continuous phospholipid bilayer membrane containing an ethosomal core. This review explores their potential, addressing limitations of conventional methods. The impact of formulation components, effective targeting, and production techniques are discussed. Various administration routes, including transdermal, transvaginal, pulmonary, and ocular, are highlighted. Functionalization and photodynamic therapy enhance delivery efficacy. Transethosomes offer a promising solution to overcome drug delivery challenges.

Dendrimers can prolong precorneal retention, enhance corneal permeation, allow multidrug loading, allow hierarchical structure construction and targeting, and inhibit inflammation, making them multifunctional topical drug delivery systems (TDDS) for the eye. Dendrimer nanogels combine the advantages of dendrimers, hydrogels, and nanoparticles. Dendrimer gel-derived drug delivery systemsmight overcome bottlenecks in topical delivery of glaucoma medications.

Scanning ion conductance microscope has strong potentials in various living biological samples, such as the real-time and high-resolution imaging of living cell, monitoring the volume and movements of living cell.

Great efforts have been paid to the incurable Parkinson's disease (PD) during the past decades. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in the pathogenesis and therapy of PD achieved by advanced multifunctional nanoparticles.

Intricate life processes are governed by precise combinations of spatiotemporal frequencies. Life activities span molecular events such as the replication of genetic substances, cellular transformations such as between cancer cells and stem cells, and organismal development from fertilized eggs to adults. Water orchestrates all life reactions through resonant coupling. The brain harmonizes matter, energy, and information for life. Spatiotemporal omics of vibrational frequencies emerges as crucial for unraveling the mystery of life.

Diagram of the three-dimensional printing of bioceramics.

We summarize the use of preclinical evaluation animal models (such as nonhuman primate, pig, and dog) and basic research animal models (such as rabbit, rodent—rat and rodent—mouse) to create periodontal models, jaw defect models, and implant defect models, which are used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of implant materials on the regeneration of oral hard tissue defects.