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Pregnancy complications are associated with increased risk of chronic disease, particularly cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes associations between hypertensive pregnancy, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, low birth weight, stillbirth, miscarriage and later health problems.

Periodontitis can affect the course and outcome of pregnancy by increasing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Beware of periodontitis in pregnant women presenting discreet and isolated inflammatory signs.

In the majority of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic women with deep endometriosis, who are managed expectantly, the condition is static. In view of that, active management should be primarily governed by clinical symptoms.

Representative technique for intraovarian insertion of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or enriched plasma cytokines. A sample from peripheral venipuncture (a) is processed to separate and activate fresh autologous platelets (b), which may be further incubated to yield enriched platelet factors (EPFs) as a cell-free condensate (b′). Relevant mediators in either PLT releasate preparation include platelet factor 4 (PF4) involved in PLT aggregation; interleukin-1β (IL-1β) a central inflammatory signal directing cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis; and IL-8, which coordinates angiogenesis. Under direct ultrasound guidance, either activated PRP or EPF is injected into ovarian tissue via 19G single-lumen in vitro fertilization needle. Periodic assessment of serum anti-Mullerian hormone provides documentation of ovarian reserve response after treatment, including return of menses and follicular development.

Gender disparity in surgery remains an issue worldwide. We analyse the trends in gender distribution in surgical specialties in Australia New Zealand over the last eight years, and calculate prediction times to parity for each specialty.

Using data from nationwide cancer registries, we showed the declining trends in newly diagnosed cervical cancer cases among Japanese women aged 20–29 years after the introduction of the HPV vaccination program; no similar trend was observed for older age groups. In addition, attribution of vaccine types HPV16 and HPV18 to invasive cervical cancer was reduced only among young women aged 20–29 years. This is the first report to suggest population-level effects of HPV vaccination on invasive cervical cancer in Japan.

We found that among Japanese women aged 20-26 years, a high vaccine effectiveness (VE) of >90% was observed concerning HPV 16/18 infection and that VE was nearly 80% for HSIL+ cytological abnormalities in the group vaccinated prior to sexual debut using real-world data.

HPV16/18 and HPV31/45/52 infection rates in the vaccinated group were significantly lower than those in the unvaccinated group. The long-term effectiveness of the bivalent vaccine against HPV infection was confirmed 9 years after the vaccination for the first time in Japan.

With 3–4 critical points (1 sentence per point, less than 60 words in total) as separate documentation for submission.

• ⬥ Short-term cyclosporin A treatment in the first trimester may improve the chance of live birth in women with a history of URPL.
• ⬥ Cyclosporin A is as effective as dydrogesterone without increasing the risks of maternal complications or congenital foetal anomalies.
• ⬥ Cyclosporin A could be a new therapeutic compound for women with unexplained pregnancy losses.

Graphical Headlights

• Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a great role in breast cancer progression.
• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the transformation of normal fibroblasts to CAF.
• miRNA-200c overexpression decreases the invasive features of cancer cells.

We generated a single-cell atlas of PBMCs in pregnant women; Pregnancy activates interferon (IFN) responses versus non-pregnant control in NK/T cells; T-, B-cell activities attenuated significantly during gestation; Cell-type-specific model accurately predicts gestational age.

Kallikreins (KLKs) and metallothioneins (MTs) mRNA are increased in vaginal fluid in gestational week 18-20 in women who subsequently deliver preterm. MTs are activated in response to cytokine-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress (1). MTs regulate metalloproteinases which degrades the extracellular matrix and have been associated with preterm prelabour rupture of foetal membranes (PPROM) (2). KLKs can be mechanistically involved in preterm delivery via degradation of the cervical mucus barrier (3), modulation of anti-microbial peptides (4) and preterm prelabour rupture of foetal membranes (PPROM) (5).

• In maternal high-fat-exposed female offspring, standard diet intake after weaning improved weight gain, serum total cholesterol level and glucose tolerance, but not insulin sensitivity, in 70-week-old offspring.

• Perinatal fat restriction during both gestation and lactation, followed by standard food intake for the rest of their life, provided adequate efficacy to restore insulin sensitivity in aging female progeny.

Highlights

• The COVID-19 pandemic affected nonpregnant women who had oral glucose tolerance tests in outpatient clinics more than pregnant women.
• After the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increased at the height of the epidemic, but the overall prevalence of GDM decreased yearly from 2019 to 2021.
• The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM after the COVID-19 pandemic did not differ from before the pandemic.

A survey was carried out to investigate the outcomes of pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with a non-IBD control group. The risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), poor blood pressure control, and cesarean section were higher in IBD women. Since active disease and treat discontinuation at conception were risk factors for preterm delivery and urgent cesarean section, we underline the importance of achieving disease remission before considering pregnancy.

Comprehensive understanding of survival differences in gender after cancer diagnosis is critical for cancer prevention and treatment. We compared the gender differences of cancer-specific survival in lung, esophageal, liver, pancreatic, stomach, colorectal, kidney, and bladder cancer. Totally, gender seemed to be a significant factor influencing cancer-specific survival, and the prognosis of female patients was better than male patients.

This study demonstrates the utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation analysis in early detection and molecular subtyping for breast cancer. The improved ctDNA whole-genome bisulfite sequencing method was effective at developing novel sensitive and specific biomarkers for the diagnosis, early detection, and molecular subtyping of breast cancer. We anticipate that the method and diagnostic biomarkers of breast cancer have substantial clinical translation potential.

This study demonstrated that 43-8F exhibited potent antiproliferation activity on ovarian cancer (OC) cells and improved inhibitory activity against the HsClpP and HsClpX complex (HsClpXP) protease compared with bortezomib. Also, treatment with 43-8F affected mitochondrial function and induced cell apoptosis and G2/M arrest. Moreover, it elevated the production of the SDHB and the level of ATF4 in a dose-dependent manner. In nude mice, high dose of 43-8F inhibited the growth of tumors. In addition, the body weight of nude mice from each group did not change significantly during the treatment. Our results suggest that 43-8F exerts an anti-OC effect by inhibiting the human caseinolytic protease P pathway and is a good lead for further investigation.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) overexpression represents a negative prognostic biomarker associated with poor survival. Targeting HER3 has shown some promise in early phase trials in both nonsmall cell lung cancer and metastatic breast cancer in heavily pretreated patients with varying degrees of response. Identifying a predictive biomarker will aid to better select patients that will respond to treatment.

A neutral spine posture is relatively static and persistent (A). A dynamic and transient hyperflexion posture (B) under compression shows the stress process of most low-energy vertebral fractures. The TLHCobb is the key indicator for this process.

Japanese adult female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) experience social difficulties, especially in social leisure. Some AN psychopathologies, such as impulse regulation, asceticism, and interoceptive awareness, may be related factors. Emotion regulation may be an important treatment realm not only for psychopathology but also for social functioning in patients with AN.

Our data represent an investigation of the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits of patients and their husbands, and the marital satisfaction of female patients with persistent depressive disorder (PDD). Our findings suggest that patients’ ASD or ADHD traits exhibit a positive association with their marital relationship satisfaction and, by contrast, ADHD traits of the patients’ husbands play a negative role in the marital satisfaction of the female patients with PDD. Considering the importance of support for the PDD patients from their husbands based on healthy marital relationships, the implementation of interventions focused on ADHD traits of husbands of female PDD patients with low marital satisfaction (if the husband has ADHD traits) may be necessary.

1. After intervention, the first postoperative exhaust time, first defecation time and bowel sound recovery time of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (p < .01).
2. The scores of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain at different time points of the two groups were analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA. The data met the results of Mauchly's sphericity test (p > .05). The results of the analysis showed that the three symptom scores were statistically significant between the two groups (p < .001), and the three symptom scores were statistically significant within the different time groups (p < .001). The interaction between group and time was also statistically significant (p < .001).
3. After the intervention, the incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < .001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis, incision infection, and abdominal infection between the two groups (p < .001).

The complications and high level of technical difficulty were the major obstacles to this surgical techniques that named immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) using the latissimus dorsi muscular flap (LDMF). We conducted a retrospective research to explore the clinical effect of IBR using LDMF in the Chinese population. Our study demonstrated that the practical application of IBR using LDMF is a safe and feasible way to improve breast cancer patient's physical and mental health.

GA upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 in TGF-β1-breast cancer cells, we have demonstrated that the SIRT1 participates in anticancer effects on progressive phase of breast cancer.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels in saliva and plasma samples from patients diagnosed with breast cancer do not correlate with clinicopathological features that are indicative of disease prognosis.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease for women. With the advances in breast cancer screening, most breast cancers are now diagnosed in the early stage. With the knowledge of different subtypes and their behavior, breast cancer treatment has become more individualized. Radiation therapy as one of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment has also been evolving. This review attempts to provide a summary of the most influential clinical studies that have driven the technological advances in radiation therapy for early stage breast cancer.

Special Series: Leading Women in Respiratory Medicine

Series Editors: Natasha Smallwood and Fanny Wai San Ko

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Special Series: Leading Women in Respiratory Medicine

Series Editors: Natasha Smallwood and Fanny Wai San Ko

See related editorial