Aging and Cancer

Aging weakens the blood–brain barrier (BBB), increasing susceptibility to CNS cancers and complicating treatment. This review examines BBB deterioration, its impact on drug delivery, and potential interventions like targeting neuroinflammation and advanced therapies. Understanding BBB aging is crucial for improving cancer treatment in older patients.

This narrative review explores the mechanisms driving immunotherapy resistance in skin cancer, including tumor microenvironment factors, genetic mutations, and immune evasion strategies. It highlights potential strategies to overcome resistance, offering insights for improving therapeutic outcomes and guiding future research in personalized immunotherapy.

By integrating multi-omics dataincluding genomic and epigenomic profiles and microenvironmental exposures from both healthy individuals and patients, and performing intra-individual, inter-individual, and cross-species comparative analyses with advanced predictive models, we will uncover deeper insights into cancer evolution and identify potential strategies for individualized prevention.

Aging lungs present an altered microenvironment, with increased inflammatory response, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune exhaustion, and decreased tight junctions, which contribute to increased tumor growth. This altered lung microenvironment is partially reversed to its youthful state with the overexpression of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).

The key processes of glucose–insulin dynamics following glucose ingestion, including insulin-mediated intracellular glucose storage and insulin-restricted lipolysis, and the mechanistic connection between diminishing capacity to store excess glucose, decreased insulin sensitivity as reflected through the Kraft oral glucose tolerance test patterns, and cancer prognosis.