Hydrogel microspheres (HMs) enhance the properties of traditional hydrogels, offering better injectability and functionality. Advanced fabrication techniques enable precise control over their size and properties. Stimuli-responsive HMs, which react to pH, ROS, and enzymes, allow targeted drug release and tissue repair. This review discusses their materials, fabrication, and applications, with insights into future clinical potential.

IDD and OA is caused by various mechanisms, creating a vicious cycle that impairs disc function. Nanozymes and nano-enzyme delivery systems offer innovative therapies by targeting these underlying mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory therapy, ECM repair, cellular dysfunction and antioxidant therapy, providing a promising approach to restoring tissue homeostasis, improving cellular function, and promoting regeneration.

Antioxidant natural plant constituents promote diabetic wound repair by ameliorating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and promoting tissue regeneration.

A review of an introduction to the mechanisms of formation of OMVs, their action on bacteria and relationship to disease, vaccines, biomonitoring, drug delivery and regenerative medicine in the clinic.

This review explores integrated approach of nanotechnology to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. We highlight imaging techniques for tumor detection and biomarker analysis in biological samples for early diagnosis. Advanced therapies, including targeted drug delivery and antibody-drug conjugates, enable precise medication transport to cancer cells, reducing side effects and improving therapeutic efficacy.

Schematic diagram of the preparation process for carbon microneedle arrays.

Platelets, particularly tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), play a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. TEPs undergo molecular changes in RNA and protein profiles, making them valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. In nanomedicine, platelets serve as drug carriers in tumor-targeted nanomaterials, enhancing specificity and accuracy. Integrating liquid biopsy with nanotechnology offers promising potential in precision oncology.

Dimensional Evolution in Bio-Nano Synergistic Systems: Proteins shrink into fibrils while gold ions expand into nanoparticles, minimizing bio-nano interface interactions for enhanced hybrid functionality. This study highlights a competitive yet synergistic growth mechanism, offering insights for the rational design of bio-nano materials with clinical and technological applications.