Integrative Conservation

Here we provide a review of the type of areas that nations need to prioritise when implementing Target 3 that relates to area ‘quality’: areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems. We show that data is available for 12 distinct biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service elements that can be mapped and, if conserved, will (with appropriate management) help meet the broad intention of Target 3. We highlight examples of the planning methods available that can be utilized so these areas can be targeted for protection. We discuss issues related to trade-offs regarding how to prioritise amongst them as well as to operationalise some of the vaguer concepts like ‘representation’ and ‘ecosystem functions and services’ so that they achieve the best outcomes for biodiversity.

India harbors the largest population of Asian elephants in the world. The institutional, policy, and legal instruments that enable sustaining elephant population in India were elaborated in the article.

Human–wildlife conflicts are mostly associated with social and economic impacts such as limited social interaction in fear of attacks and loss of livestock and properties.

Local populations are aware of the decline and disappearance of Detarium species in their habitats, attributing this trend to excessive human exploitation and the effects of climate change. Thus, Detarium plant resources may face challenges in forests with different levels of protection status due to habitat fragmentation and the effects of climate change. Local strategies and solutions could contribute to the conservation of Detarium species.

Our study explores the use of large language models in fact-checking misinformation about commonly feared wildlife such as jellyfish, wasps, spiders, vultures, and large carnivores. We highlight how these tools can effectively dispel myths, thereby reducing human–wildlife conflicts and promoting a harmonious coexistence. These tools therefore have the potential to foster more informed public perceptions and support conservation efforts.

Invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) has enabled the identification and quantification of ecological interactions within trophic networks and its use in biodiversity assessment. The dung beetle iDNA currently uses live beetles. However, the effectiveness of the iDNA approach hinges on the successful detection of mammalian DNA from specimens collected via traditional pitfall traps with preservative solution, but this is yet to be investigated. Our study demonstrates that dung beetles obtained from baited pitfall traps with preservative solution retain mammalian DNA and shows the utility of dung beetle iDNA as an additional tool for biodiversity assessment. In addition, this approach enriches the scope from biodiversity monitoring to dung beetle trophic interaction studies.

Threatened and endangered species that occur in coastal areas are susceptible to the impacts of hurricanes that can destroy and reorganize their habitats. We used long-term tracking of endangered beach mice to reveal they survive these impacts by using high elevation dune habitats to stay safe. However, as hurricanes become more frequent and stronger with future climate change projections, the threat may become too strong for hurricane-adapted species and ecosystems.

Tigers are important for maintaining a variety of life in the world as they are the top predators in the food chain. Human–wildlife conflict, including conflicts between humans and tigers, has been a global issue throughout history. This article focuses on human–tiger interactions in China, discussing various types of conflicts and measures for coexistence. The research is based on different historical documentation, literature analysis, and field investigations. The results show intense direct conflicts in the form of massive tiger hunting and killing, as well as indirect conflicts like tiger trade and habitat loss for tigers. Various measures have been taken for coexistence, including animal protection perceptions, tiger worship, and the establishment of nature reserves and national parks. International communication and cooperation are crucial for establishing ecological corridors for tiger survival.

India harbors the largest population of Asian elephants in the world. The institutional, policy, and legal instruments that enable sustaining elephant population in India were elaborated in the article.

Here we provide a review of the type of areas that nations need to prioritise when implementing Target 3 that relates to area ‘quality’: areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems. We show that data is available for 12 distinct biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service elements that can be mapped and, if conserved, will (with appropriate management) help meet the broad intention of Target 3. We highlight examples of the planning methods available that can be utilized so these areas can be targeted for protection. We discuss issues related to trade-offs regarding how to prioritise amongst them as well as to operationalise some of the vaguer concepts like ‘representation’ and ‘ecosystem functions and services’ so that they achieve the best outcomes for biodiversity.

Tigers are important for maintaining a variety of life in the world as they are the top predators in the food chain. Human–wildlife conflict, including conflicts between humans and tigers, has been a global issue throughout history. This article focuses on human–tiger interactions in China, discussing various types of conflicts and measures for coexistence. The research is based on different historical documentation, literature analysis, and field investigations. The results show intense direct conflicts in the form of massive tiger hunting and killing, as well as indirect conflicts like tiger trade and habitat loss for tigers. Various measures have been taken for coexistence, including animal protection perceptions, tiger worship, and the establishment of nature reserves and national parks. International communication and cooperation are crucial for establishing ecological corridors for tiger survival.

While many pollinator studies have been conducted in China, more efforts are required to conservation pollinators and pollination services. Three proposed conservation interventions were proposed in this mini-review, including long-term pollinator monitoring plan, design suitable agricultural landscapes, and wildflower strips and bee hotels.

Humans and wildlife share space in the Save Valley Conservancy; stakeholder matrix and engagement is therefore important to restore harmony and promote biodiversity in the study area.

Despite the availability of data on plants and their pollinators from the Indian sub-continent, detailed investigations that explain the intricacy of the mutualistic interaction at both population and community levels have largely been limited. This review explores the current status of pollination ecology research in India and suggests future directions in this field, stressing the need to collect effective life-history data which can be utilized by both the scientific community as well as the policymakers.

The Greater Himalayas in India, of which Kishtwar High Altitude National Park (KHANP) is a part, harbours potential snow leopard habitat. We sampled three catchments within the Dachhan region of KHANP using 44 cameras and identified four unique snow leopard individuals across 14 detections in nine camera locations. We propose KHANP as a conservation landscape under the Project Snow Leopard of the Government of India.

The framework of nature education provides guidance for educators in designing and improving their programs. Principles within this framework, categorized into foundational concepts, engagement strategies, and desired outcomes, offer a shared language for discussing nature education, and emphasize the role of nature education in human well-being and environmental stewardship.

Freshwater biodiversity in China is threatened by multiple anthropogenic factors, and while there are some reasons to suppose it may be possible to bend the curve of biodiversity loss, the variety of threats and their likely interactions with ongoing climate change provide little basis for optimism. For example, the historic overexploitation of Yangtze fish could be alleviated by a recent fishing ban, but population restoration will be prevented by the presence of a dam cascade that has altered flow regimes, fragmented populations and hindered recruitment, exacerbating the effects of habitat degradation that has taken place during recent decades.