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Nanobiotechnology-mediated radioimmunotherapy is mainly applied to the local controlled release of immunotherapeutic drugs in tumors, enhancement of radiosensitization and avoidance of systemic toxic reaction, which is explored new options for clinical treatment of TNBC.

Immunogene therapy has become an effective and significant clinical strategy for cancer therapy. Enhancing the response rate to immunogene therapy is significant to controlling side effects and improving efficacy. Improved nonviral vectors combined with immunogene therapy efficiently deliver genes to the desired tumor cells and activate immune response to fight tumors while alleviating adverse reactions, which is a promising treatment approach for cancer.

Approaches in using exosomes in various diagnostics and therapeutics applications. Use of exosomes in (A) Therapeutic applications, (B) Diagnostics applications. Exosomal biomarkers can be used for cancer stem cell (CSC) detection whereas exosomes can also be bio-engineered to target them.

Nonessential amino acid (NEAA) deprivation in tumor therapy. Related studies have confirmed in cells and animal models that either increase or decrease of NEAAs can limit the growth of tumor cells. Therefore, here we summarize the possible mechanism and potential applications of NEAAs in diet deprivation therapy, which may provide a direction for the future application in cancer treatment.

Fatty acids in cancer cells are derived from cellular synthesis and extracellular uptake. Fatty acids are extensively reprogrammed in cancer cells and regulate life activities, including supporting cell growth as energy, influencing cell movement as components of membrane structure, and regulating signal transduction as signaling molecules. Focusing on the role of fatty acids in tumor cells is helpful to find new strategies for tumor treatment.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) overexpression represents a negative prognostic biomarker associated with poor survival. Targeting HER3 has shown some promise in early phase trials in both nonsmall cell lung cancer and metastatic breast cancer in heavily pretreated patients with varying degrees of response. Identifying a predictive biomarker will aid to better select patients that will respond to treatment.

GA upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 in TGF-β1-breast cancer cells, we have demonstrated that the SIRT1 participates in anticancer effects on progressive phase of breast cancer.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels in saliva and plasma samples from patients diagnosed with breast cancer do not correlate with clinicopathological features that are indicative of disease prognosis.

Breast cancer (BC) is first of the top 10 malignancies in Iraq, accounting for one-quarter of female cancers worldwide. Dose-volume histogram (DVHs) is most commonly used as a plan evaluation tool. This study aimed to assess of DVH statistics using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in BC in an adjuvant setting and to analyze DVH for all organs at risk on a per-patient basis (Table S1). A retrospective study reviewed of 70 women who were histologically confirmed and diagnosed with BC. The treatment plan used for each woman was based on analysis of the volumetric dose, including DVH analysis. The mean age of the women was 50.97 ± 11.34 years. The planning target volume and clinical target volume coverage for tumors at V85% were better than V90% and V95%, with a high significant difference (p < 0.0001). The planning target volume and clinical target volume coverage for lymph nodes at V85% were higher than V90% and V95%, with no significant differences. To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Iraq to discuss the assessment of DVH statistics in BC. Better coverage of the chest wall was obtained at V85%, and the lowest coverage at V95%. Better coverage of lymph nodes was obtained at V85%, and the lowest coverage at V95% with no significance.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease for women. With the advances in breast cancer screening, most breast cancers are now diagnosed in the early stage. With the knowledge of different subtypes and their behavior, breast cancer treatment has become more individualized. Radiation therapy as one of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment has also been evolving. This review attempts to provide a summary of the most influential clinical studies that have driven the technological advances in radiation therapy for early stage breast cancer.

• miR-92a-3p promotes breast cancer proliferation both in vitro and in vivo.
• KLF2 is a target of miR-92a-3p in breast cancer.
• KLF2 transcriptionally repressed BIRC5 expression.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were clustered into two subtypes significantly correlated with the lymph node metastasis status of early breast cancer patients. Patients with lymph node metastasis have CTCs that express an epithelial/stem-like pattern of metastasis initiating cells, while those patients without lymph node metastasis have CTCs that have a mesenchymal signature. The present study dissects the molecular characteristics of CTCs from early-stage breast cancer, providing novel insight into the understanding of CTC behavior in breast cancer metastasis.

This pooled analysis explored the possibility and potential of pyrotinib plus capecitabine as a first-line regimen in relapsed or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab and discussed the potential treatment options for these patients, especially for the patients relapsed during or within 6 months after adjuvant trastuzumab.

This article summarizes the annual progress of breast cancer chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy and immunotherapy in 2022, providing valuable information for future research to better guide individualized treatment of breast cancer, thereby improving the prognosis and quality of life of breast cancer patients.