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We aimed to investigate the associations of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics by different scoring methods and different cutoff values. PD-L1 CPS ≥5 was associated with high expression of Ki67 and pTNM staging. PD-L1 CPS ≥10 was more often observed in GC patients with larger tumor size or lymph node metastasis. PD-L1 TPS ≥1% and PD-L1 CPS ≥1 were independent of clinicopathological features.

Three m⁷G-related lncRNAs (LINC00412, REPIN1-AS1, and RPH3AL-AS1) are associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and may be novel biomarkers. These lncRNAs may also have an influence on the immune status of gastric cancer patients.

Purpose: To find the correlations between blood systemic inflammatory biomarkers at three treatment time points and clinical effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neo-CRT) through a retrospective study.

Methods: In total 101 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) were included in the current study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the T-downstaging, among which 54 patients had T-downstaging. We used non-parametric tests to compare the differences between the variables in two groups. We performed a logistic regression analysis to evaluate the predictive value of blood systemic inflammatory biomarkers.

Results: Pre/nadir/post-systemic immune-inflammation (SII), nadir-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), nadir/post-platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and post-Lymphocyte (post-Lym) have differences between groups (P $$ \le $$ 0.05 for all). We included P $$ \le $$ 0.05 indicators and clinical related factors into the multivariate analysis, respectively, and we found that lower pre-SII, nadir-SII/NLR/PLR, and post-PLR were associated with better therapeutic effects (P $$ \le $$ 0.05).

Conclusions: The systemic inflammatory index was indicative in predicting the therapeutic effects of LARC patients after neo-CRT.

In recent years, some novel mouse pancreatic cancer models (including orthotopic and heterotopic models) which can show more realistic features of human pancreatic cancer and contribute to the validation of drugs and targets with therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer have been established by using different technical means. This is of great significance for clinically improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.

Key studies in the development of systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), biliary tract cancer (BTC), and pancreatic cancer. The development of immunotherapy and targeted therapy has raised the survival rate of advanced HCC to a new high. Research on targeted therapy for specific gene mutations has made great progress in precise therapy of BTC, and immunotherapy has also achieved positive results, adding new treatment options. Chemotherapy is still the main treatment for pancreatic cancer, while targeted therapy and immunotherapy have also seen some dawn in exploratory research.

Direct bladder wall injection, as a method for orthotopic model development, results in 100% tumor take rate. All available methods for orthotopic model development are fully compared. This guides the researchers on choosing the right method for their purposes.

MIC-1 production was increased in PCa cells, which was affected by adipocyte infiltration and adipolysis. MIC-1 directly stimulated the surrounding PrSC cells to secrete protumorigenic cytokines such as IL-8 and IL-6 in the PCa stromal microenvironment, especially under a HFD condition. These upregulated functional cytokines directly and/or indirectly stimulated PCa cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.

We provide a mechanism by which the tumor suppressor JUP interact with the HIF2α transcription factor in ccRCC cells. JUP downregulation is likely to trigger the aberrant upregulation of HIF2α stability and transactivity, which further exerts effects on tumorigenesis in ccRCC. These results have important implications in both the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.

Objective: To explore the incidence rate (IR), clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of bladder squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. Methods: We extracted the IRs of BSCC from 1975 to 2016 in the SEER database, and plotted the trending curves. Then, the clinicopathological characteristics of BSCC patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 were selected and compared with those of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) in the same period. Furthermore, differences in overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of BSCC and UC patients were compared. Finally, COX regression models were constructed to explore the risk factors affecting OS and CSS in BSCC patients. Results: The IR of BSCC showed a downward trend from 1975 to 2000 and stabilized at about 0.3/100 000 after 2000. BSCC patients had a later stage at diagnosis and worse prognosis when compared with those with UC. Older age, higher TNM stage, no surgical treatment, and unmarried status were significantly related to worse prognosis of BSCC patients. Conclusion: This study explored the IR trends, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of BSCC. In the future, prospective, large sample, and well-designed clinical studies are needed to verify our results.

The acute adverse event rates and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) up to 6 months in 289 patients treated with hypofractionated (2.5 Gy or 3.0 relative biological effectiveness (RBE)/fraction) versus conventionally fractionated (2.0 Gy(RBE)/fraction) proton beam therapy (PBT). Although significant increases in the IPSS were observed at the end of PBT in all groups, the score had returned to the pre-PBT value, and no significant differences were found in the acute adverse event rates or IPSS among the fractionation schedules early after PBT, suggesting that a shorter treatment course might have greater benefit for patients with localised prostate cancer.

Whilst traditional diagnostic MRI sequences provide excellent delineation of the prostate, uncertainty often remains as to the true path of the urethra within the gland. This study aims to assess if a high resolution isotropic 3D T2 MRI series can reduce inter-observer variability in urethral delineation for radiotherapy planning.

• (1) Development of liquid biopsy has great potential of clinical application in non-invasive detection of tumours.
• (2) Urine-based biomarkers or tests for clinical management in bladder cancer can be widely used for early detection, minimal residual, recurrence monitoring and therapeutic response.
• (3) Many challenges need to be overcomed in the discovery and validation studies of urine biomarkers for bladder cancer.

Personal lifestyle is an important cause of prostate cancer (PCa) and positive lifestyles will be important to the prevention of the disease. A knowledge graph is a convenient way to present the relationship between PCa and lifestyle. A healthcare chatbot was developed to answer basic questions about the association between PCa and lifestyle.