This study found that compared to healthy young adults, older humans have severely elevated oxidative stress, glutathione deficiency, impaired mitochondrial function, increased inflammation, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, and lower muscle strength and mental cognition. We tested and found that supplementing GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine) improved all these defects, and that stopping GlyNAC resulted in a loss of benefits. The results of this trial suggests that GlyNAC supplementation could be a simple, safe and effective nutritional strategy to boost cellular defenses to protect against oxidative stress, correct mitochondrial defects to improve energy availability, increase muscle strength and cognition, and thereby promote healthy aging in humans.

• Mitochondrial defects and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) disintegration are common causes of upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration observed in the UMNs of both patients and mouse models.

• NU-9, a novel compound with drug-like properties, improves integrity of mitochondria and ER, as well as the stability of UMN apical dendrites.

• NU-9 treatment eliminates ongoing degeneration of UMNs that become diseased due to mSOD1 toxicity and TDP-43 pathology with behavioral outcomes.

A comprehensive review of the different primary technologies used to test for COVID-19 infection. The review indicates the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, describes technologies that have the potential to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 detection in the future, and discusses the remaining challenges in COVID-19 diagnostic testing.

Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing technologies reveal a high-resolution immune landscape of colorectal primary tumors and liver metastasis, identifying major immune cell types and distinct cell functional states of T and B cells as well as predictions of complex cell-cell interactions.

Overactivity of CB₁R and iNOS contributes to HPSPF development and progression via multiple critical pathological processes including dysregulation of mitochondrial function and IL-11. Simultaneous inhibition of lung CB₁R and iNOS by a hybrid inhibitor (MRI-1867) is a rational therapeutic strategy for achieving therapeutic efficacy in HPSPF with attenuating fibrosis, improving pulmonary function and survival.

The biofunctions and clinical implications of TAMs in cancer progression as well as the current pharmaceutical targets in TAMs regulation were summarized. The latest advancements of agents that were effective in TAMs depletion or reprogramming were summarized and discussed. The promising future of exosomal signaling for TAMs-targeted therapy was discussed and expected.

Menstrual blood-derived MSC transplantation significantly lowers the mortality of severe and critical SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19.

This prospective and systematic report assessed the ability of menstrual blood-derived MSCs to treat both severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients.

MSC-based therapy may serve in future clinical applications as an alternative way for the treatment of COVID-19