A faulty radial glia scaffold and an abnormal cell layering were observed in the hippocampus of male, but not female, biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1-deficient mice, early postnatally.

Early life stress (ELS) induces long-lasting social behavior deficits. We used chemogenetics to manipulate activity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), which undergoes maturation during the early postnatal period. Altering BNST activity in adulthood produced divergent effects on social behavior that were dependent upon history of ELS.

Neurons derived from patient induced pluripotent stem cells harboring ACTL6B p.(Val421_Cys425del) variant display reduced expression and stability of ACTL6B protein and increased spontaneous neuronal activity in vitro.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1)-affected adults (blue) exhibit lower scores on measures of cognitive function than unaffected adults (pink). These differences are associated with enlarged hippocampal volume in DM1-affected individuals for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV index measures of perceptual reasoning (Panel a) and processing speed (Panel b).

Case-series study involving 101 multiple sclerosis patients revealed a link between KCNA3 polymorphism rs2821557 and the rate of disease progression. Minor C allele carriers exhibited significantly higher incidence of the rapid disease course and higher counts of CXCR3+ T_EM cells compared to TT genotype carriers.

In 5xFAD mice, transgenic (TG) males cannot be reliably housed together due to home-cage aggression between 2 and 5 months of age, unlike wild-type (WT)-only and mixed-genotype cages. Six-month-old TG males and females also exhibit reduced investigation of free-roaming, but not restrained, conspecifics relative to WT controls.

Extracellular ascorbic acid induces Ca²⁺ influx, stimulating sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) anterograde trafficking in wild-type cells. No ascorbic acid-induced cytosolic Ca²⁺ increase was observed in Huntington's disease (HD) cells. Thus, SVCT2 would fail to reach the cellular surface, affecting ascorbic acid uptake in HD cells.

We investigated associations between age and regional gray matter in subregions of the fusiform gyrus. This was achieved by integrating imaging-based signal intensities with cytoarchitectonically defined tissue probabilities. Our analyses revealed significant negative correlations in all subregions but with differing trajectories.

Functional circadian rhythms are essential for fertility and successful reproduction. PER2::Luciferase circadian reporter mice determined relationships between circadian rhythms during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and how these rhythms could be regulated by progesterone, a steroid important in reproductive function.

Alterations in lipid metabolism, impaired protein synthesis, epigenetic abnormal modifications, oxidative stress and lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels caused by phenylalanine accumulation may collaborate to hypomyelination/demyelination in phenylketonuria. HMGR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; OL: oligodendrocytes; OPC: oligodendrocyte precursor cells.

Using both novel and traditional lesion methods in humans, the neural networks responsible for mind-wandering were studied. Both lesion analyses demonstrated that reduced mind-wandering was associated with damage to brain regions within the default mode network.

Ultrasonic neuromodulation of peripheral nerve cells.

Axonal growth is a relevant process for development and regeneration. After peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury, Reelin levels increase, and mice devoid of Reelin show an impairment in nerve regeneration. Here we show, for the first time, that Reelin increases the regenerative outcome of dorsal root ganglia axons after axotomy (a mock, b Reelin treated). (c) After binding to its receptor, Apolipoprotein E-receptor 2, Reelin activates the Rho GTPases Cdc42 that regulates actin dynamics, and TC10, required for membrane addition by interacting with the exocyst complex. TC10 recruits to membrane vesicles that potentially could come from Golgi and/or recycling endosomes. TC10 vesicles also contain ApoER2 and the v-SNARE protein VAMP7. Reelin increases the fusion of vesicles, containing VAMP7, at the growth cone. Therefore, Reelin signaling could have a therapeutic role in PNS lesions, improving axonal outgrowth.

Metabolic parameters (O₂ consmption and CO₂ production) are influenced by lithium in dose-dependent fashion showing a narrow therapeutic index with a subtle balance between low and high metabolic rate. We confirmed in vivo that treatment efficiency is dependent on mitochondrial genetic background and sex.