Internal jugular vein compression, by means of an externally worn neck collar (right side of image), is a potentially viable solution to intervene on the diffusion and anisotropic properties of white matter that change following a season of American tackle football.

Exposure to repetitive head impacts without concussion over one season of competitive men's soccer games was associated with increased resting-state functional connectivity within networks involved in cognitive functions, analyzing a cohort including nine soccer players and 20 other athletes.

What are the brain areas engaged when estimating the time to contact of an approaching ball? Patients undergoing an awake brain surgery performed the task while various areas were stimulated. The performances were assessed compared to a presurgery baseline. Results showed a direct and causal involvement of areas near the intraparietal sulcus, and indirect involvement of areas related to the language.

• Increased prevalence of pathological mitochondria in astrocytic endfeet of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)
• Increased prevalence of pathological mitochondria in neuronal terminals of IIH
• The mitochondria–ER contact sites distances are reduced in IIH
• The postsynaptic density length is reduced in IIH

Volume of hippocampal subregions (presubiculum/subiculum) are reduced in elderly subjects presenting cortical β-amyloid deposition and signs of neurodegeneration. In elderly subjects with no neurodegeneration, hippocampal subregional volumes are also reduced in those with cognitive decline (dementia or amnestic mild cognitive impairment) compared to cognitively intact individuals.

In 125 healthy older adults we highlighted the importance of routinely accounting for factors that impact cognition both directly as well as indirectly via structural brain changes. Temporal stem diffusion changes demonstrated specificity for explaining the differential impacts of a number of cognitive risk factors on memory performance.

In male rats exposed to an experimental model of shift-work, we reported circadian disruption, depressive and anxiety-like behaviors as well as neuroinflammation in brain areas associated with mood regulation. Time-restricted feeding associated with the normal activity phase prevents depressive and anxiety-like behaviors as well as neuroinflammation.

Noradrenaline stimulates β₃-adrenoceptor in astrocytes and increases the supply of glutathione from astrocytes to neurons, thereby increasing the intracellular glutathione concentration in neurons and protecting them from H₂O₂-induced cell death.

In this research, the potential anti-relapse efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), using the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) model in long-term experienced male Wistar rats, has been explored. Two different experiments were performed in order to: (a) test the efficacy of NAC to prevent relapse and (b) discriminate the best administration schedule (intermittent vs. continuous) for the drug. NAC subcutaneously administered, either by continuous infusion or by intermittent injections regimen, was able to block the ADE. The best results were obtained after using 60 mg/kg NAC dose under an intermittent regimen.

(a) Example DIC image of coronal section at a low magnification (through 4× objective) showing the anatomical boundaries used to collect data from the anterior agranular insula (AAI). (b) Example DIC image of coronal section at a high magnification (through 40× objective) showing the whole-cell patch clamp recordings of pyramidal neurons in the insular cortex. (c) Example confocal image of pyramidal neuron in the AAI of an adult rat. (d) Decreased AAI excitability 21 days, relative to 2 days, after adolescent CIE. (e) Decreased AAI excitability 2 days after adult CIE, relative to 2 days after adult CIW. **p < 0.01.

Stress enhances dopamine (DA)-long-term potentiation but desipramine (DMI) abolishes this effect. DA-long-term depression is not affected unless when stress is followed by DMI. Stress reduces anxiety, an effect abolished by DMI/ketamine while motivation is always promoted. Stress also reduces cFOS expression in the ventral tegmental area in all conditions.

Mouse cochlear glial cells have region-specific membrane properties. Within dissociated cultures, satellite glial cells (SGCs) have large weak inwardly rectifying currents, likely mediated by Kir4.1 channels. Presumptive Schwann cells lack these currents. Soon after birth, Kir4.1 subunits appear in both glial subtypes, but become restricted to SGCs around hearing onset.

All HCN channel subtypes were located at subcellular level in human and compared with other mammals such as guinea pig, cat, and three mouse strains. Changes in HCN expression levels were quantified in aging mice and murine postnatal development. The widespread expression and distinct localization emphasized the importance of HCN channels for sound coding and electrical stimulation with cochlear implants