Nonmyelinating corneal Schwann cells ensheathing axons in the corneal stroma were visualized by the expression of green fluorescent protein under the control of the proteolipid protein 1 gene promoter in transgenic mice. This en face three-dimensional image reconstruction of z-stacks obtained by confocal microscopic imaging of whole mount corneas shows the elaborate branching of corneal axons. The nuclei of corneal epithelial cells was revealed by counter staining with a blue-colored nuclear dye.

The cover image is based on the Research Article Corneal nonmyelinating Schwann cells illuminated by single-cell transcriptomics and visualized by protein biomarkers by Paola Bargagna-Mohan et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24757.

The cover image is based on the Research Article Neuron-specific cilia loss differentially alters locomotor responses to amphetamine in mice by Carlos Ramos et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24755.

Illumination of nonmyelinating corneal Schwann cells (nm-cSCs) of the transparent and avascular cornea. (a) Outline of experimental procedures for the endothelial cell-depleted central corneal cell preparation for scRNA-seq analysis from rabbit. (b) Major corneal cell populations were identified by unsupervised clustering, with the nm-cSCs being represented by the purple colored dots. Each dot represents a single cell that was designated by color of the cluster. Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is one of the novel cornea-specific SC targets identified and cross-species validated in mouse corneas. The proteolipid protein 1 promoter-enhanced green fluorescent protein (Plp1-eGFP) reporter mouse cornea was immunostained for DKK1 (red), revealing its co-localization with eGFP (green) reporter expression in SCs. (c) The image on the left shows a cartoon representation of the cornea corresponding to the immunostained images (panels on the right) from the central cornea (dotted circle, top panel) and limbal/peripheral area (dotted rectangle, bottom panel). Detailed magnified views reveal DKK1-positive staining in nm-cSCs of the central cornea, as well as myelinated SCs of the peripheral cornea. Scale bars, 10 µm.

Axonal mitochondrial size correlates with g-ratio during homeostasis in multiple species and during advanced remyelination. But not during early remyelination. Oligodendrocyte mitochondria function influence myelin thickness which influence axonal mitochondria size.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamine synthetase (GS), ALDH1L1, and SOX9 stained different percentages of cortical and spinal cord astrocytes in vitro. SOX9 in cortical and ALDH1L1 in spinal cord cultures consistently stained astrocytes in naïve and transforming growth factor-β-treated cultures.

All neurons possess a primary cilium that projects from the cell body into the extracellular space. This study investigates the behavioral responses of mice engineered to lack a primary cilium on either Gad2 expressing GABAergic neurons, or Dopaminergic neurons, to injections of amphetamine.

We find that the levels of the m6A methylase Mettl3 are upregulated following spinal cord injury (SCI) in both zebrafish and mice. Additionally, Mettl3 disruption leads to poor motor function recovery in zebrafish SCI.

iTBS has a stronger decision promoting effect than 20 Hz, which can be used as an effective way to alter choice and presents an improvement on standard rTMS protocols.

Microstructural changes in the middle brain.

Standard phase lag index (standard-PLI) and offset-PLI (insensitive and sensitive to zero-lag connectivity, respectively) for pairs of electrodes separated by more than 105 mm plotted against their homotopic distance. Significant connectivity (dots above the red-dashed line) is found only between homotopic regions and mostly for zero-lag connectivity (offset-PLI).

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) elicit inhibitory modulation of synaptic transmission at various brain sites. We now show that neither a CB₁/CB₂ receptor agonist WIN55212 nor an eCB affect GABA release from axon terminals of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) making synaptic contacts with their target neurons, globular cells in the cerebellar cortex and principal neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei. The finding is in sharp contrast to the fact that PCs receive abundant excitatory and inhibitory inputs that are under eCB-mediated presynaptic modulation, suggesting that the synapse type-selective action of eCBs in the cerebellar neural circuitry allows the precise control of motor coordination and learning associated with the cerebellum.

1. Activation of TRPV4 inhibited I_K through activating CaMKII in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and decreased the expression of Kv1.2 and Kv2.1 in hippocampi.
2. TRPV4-induced decrease of Kv1.2 and Kv2.1 expression and I_K may be involved in the pathological changes following PISE.

By using targeted metabolomics methods, the differential metabolites of hippocampal tissues of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease male mice and wild-type mice at an early age and the pathogenesis associated with these metabolites were obtained.

Graph theory analysis can be used to detect subtle changes in brain networks that may be missed by regional comparisons. The present study found evidence that compensatory network reorganization likely occurs in a frontal dopamine D2 receptor network to preserve cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients without cognitive impairment.

Following permanent right middle cerebral artery occlusion, we measured plasmin activity in mouse brain slices utilizing a novel direct method. Positive correlation between plasmin level and infarct volume was found and demonstrated by a representative tetrazolium chloride staining of slice no. 6. Scale bars: 1 mm.