Through studying the process of converting glass slides into WSI, found that the quality of WSI is mainly affected by the quality of the glass slide. The number of cells in the glass slide affects the success rate of scanning, and the uneven distribution of cells affects the quality of WSI.

Molecular testing recommended for risk stratification of thyroid nodules is not routinely performed in some countries. We have developed a clinical management algorithm for AUS nodules without molecular testing.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a reliable tool for diagnosing bone lesions, with high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy across various tumour types. This study provides valuable insights for developing a standardised reporting system for bone cytopathology, aiming to improve diagnostic precision and patient management.

Urine cytology diagnostic performance using TPS 2.0, TPS 1.0 and FTRS for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). Our study highlights that the Paris System (TPS) 2.0 significantly enhances the diagnostic accuracy and consistency of urine cytology in detecting high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), including upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The integration of TPS 2.0 with emerging AI and molecular testing can further refine diagnostic precision and clinical management across urothelial neoplasms.

Biliary brushing cytology to detect cholangiocarcinoma is integral in the surveillance of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis but has low sensitivity. FISH has been advocated to improve detection. This study showed low FISH positivity, which was also seen in the absence of cholangiocarcinoma.

AI-assisted diagnosis can increase detection sensitivity and decrease subjectivity. This study innovatively integrated AI assistance and digital technology into cervical cytology training and demonstrated its positive impact on trainee performance and high acceptance among clinicians, suggesting its potential as a valuable adjunct to medical education.

There are different approaches to report inadequate samples for diagnosis in respiratory cytological samples. No clear criteria have been published for such cases. We carried out a survey among Spanish pathologists to assess the reproducibility on the practical use of these terms on cytopathological reports. Insufficient/Inadequate/Non-diagnostic category of the WHO Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology (2022) may cause discrepancies among cytopathologists and cytotechnologists. A survey was carried out to evaluate the reproducibility in the practical use of this category among Spanish pathologists in pulmonary FNACs samples.

NTRK-rearranged spindle cell tumours are a new group of rare soft tissue tumours defined by molecular genetic characteristics, characterised by NTRK gene rearrangement. The diagnostic clues are a mixed pattern of sparse and densely aggregated arrangements of oval/spindle cells with red-stained unstructured substances in the background.

Representative images of a fine-needle aspiration showing a myoepithelial-rich pleomorphic adenoma with a novel PLAG1 inversion of chromosome 8 and LRP1B, PBRM1 and TCF3 mutations.

The diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma may be challenging due to the predominance of one of the three components. We present the case of a 64-year-old male with a remote history of a submandibular gland excision and recent regrowth of his mass in the surgical bed, which was consistent with a myoepithelial-rich pleomorphic adenoma with a novel inversion of the chromosome 8 and LRP1B, PBRM1, and TCF3 mutations. The cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic pitfalls of this tumor and the differential diagnoses are reviewed in this article.

This is an interesting case of rhabdomyosarcoma, presenting at an unusual site and diagnosed on FNAC. The smears depict the typical malignant small round cell morphology and tigroid background. It illustrates the role of cell block and immunohistochemistry as important ancillary adjuncts to morphology.

Rosai Dorfman Destombes disease, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare non-neoplastic idiopathic disorder characterised by histiocytic proliferation with evidence of emperipolesis. They present with a varied spectrum of clinical manifestations and cytomorphological features, posing diagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas.

The FNAC smear and histopathology of stromal predominant Wilm's tumour with rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation along with immunostaining in a 7-year-old male.

In this paper, the diagnostic potential of FNAC in identifying rare histological variants of paediatric renal tumours is highlighted.