It's proposed here the use of telecytology for all cytology specimens where rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is beneficial, through cytopathologists immediate assessment and cytotechnologists' first evaluation. Different types of ROSE, pre-established adequacy categories, and future billing codes are discussed for the benefits of expanding medical centres.

The practical approach to effusion samples work up based on the International System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology is presented.

FCM is used as an effective tool for studying non-haematological malignancies. We have studied a simple and rapid flow cytometry (FCM) test for the detection of malignant epithelial cells in body fluids. We developed an antibody panel composed only of surface markers for this FCM assay to enable faster results. We compared the results of cytology/cell block and FCM. FCM would become a valuable tool to complement routine diagnostic cytology and reduces misdiagnosis.

A simple and rapid flow cytometry test has been developed for the detection of malignant epithelial cells in body fluids. This FCM assay is simple, easier and cost-effective, yielding sensitive results with no inter-observer variability. This technique will improve the diagnostic accuracy, serving as a valuable adjunct to cytology and cell block analysis.

Higher sensitivity of pericardial fluid cytology than biopsy in malignant effusions. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type in malignant pericardial effusion.

A multi-institutional study reviewed 309 cases of pericardial fluid cytology and pericardial biopsy, highlighting greater sensitivity of cytology (84.8%) with the most common primaries being lung, breast, gastrointestinal, and haematologic origin. The study also commented on the impact of ancillary testing, volume of pericardial fluid submitted for analysis, and utilization of molecular diagnostics like cfDNA methylation analysis for further enhancement of diagnostic accuracy and improved patient outcomes.

Oral cancer screening using the Papanicolaou test shows promise in accurately identifying suspected cells in individuals at risk and those with potentially malignant oral disorders. This study suggests quantitative criteria for better detection accuracy of suspicious cytological smears.

Herein, 4 cases of malignant melanoma, each presenting with a parotid mass and diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration, are presented. Diagnosis can be challenging when melanoma occurs in unusual sites, cytological findings are ambiguous, and there is no prior melanoma history. Accurate diagnosis requires high suspicion and suitable immunohistochemistry.

This study provides the first cytological description of striated duct adenoma, a rare tumour recently included in the classification of the World Health Organization. Likewise, the present work emphasizes the importance of cytopathology in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumours emphasizing the usefulness of complementary techniques, including molecular studies. First cytological description of striated duct adenoma, a benign parotid tumour recently incorporated into the World Health Organization classification, which remains largely unknown.

An incidental finding in urine smears from a patient with a presumptive diagnosis of an IgA mesangial nephropathy is presented. A possible example of the potential value of urine cytology in functional renal disorders.

We report a case of an incidental finding in urine cytology from a patient with a presumptive diagnosis of an IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis, previously diagnosed as atypical urothelial cells.

A 74-year-old woman's persistent hyponatraemia led to the discovery of an adenosquamous carcinoma within an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst (IPBC), diagnosed 59 years prior. This is the first reported case of such a transformation in an IPBC.

An adenosquamous carcinoma, originating from an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst identified 59 years prior, was discovered during the workup for a patient's unexplained, persistent hyponatraemia.

Small-cell melanoma masquerading as an adrenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The index report illustrates the deceptive cytomorphologic features of a small cell type malignant melanoma metastatic to the adrenal gland. The diagnosis was confirmed by performing immunocytochemistry on the cell block sections. The key cytomorphologic mimics and their distinctive features have also been highlighted.

Bronchogenic cysts are usually seen in the intrathoracic region in children. The authors describe the cytologic features of a case of a bronchogenic cyst in the cervical region in an adult and discuss its differential diagnoses.

The peculiar ‘concentric ovals distribution pattern’ frequently observed in the FNC of benign reactive lymph nodes may represent an aid in the cytological diagnosis of reactive hyperplasia.