Engineering Reports

This paper establishes a demand-side response system covering various forms of user participation, establishes a market clearing model considering the indirect active response of consumers, and puts forward the corresponding settlement method. Then the demand response bidding under load shedding and load transfer conditions is optimized.

The Buckmaster equation's complexity often limits solutions to numerical methods. This study applies the Elzaki projected differential transform method (EPDTM), a semi-analytic approach, providing precise and efficient solutions for specific and general cases. Comparative analyses confirm negligible errors, rapid convergence, and the EPDTM's potential for solving complex nonlinear equations effectively.

The article investigates the potential of free space optics (FSO) for efficient 6G fronthaul networks. FSO is a promising solution to meet the demanding requirements of future 6G applications, either in terrestrial or in nonterrestrial communications.

These findings contribute insights into aligner fabrication, offering guidance on optimal thickness for improved mechanical performance and comfort. Moreover, the study sheds light on aligner hygiene maintenance, enabling users to make informed decisions about oral health during orthodontic treatment.

The investigation uses the D3Q27 multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to analyze the flow dynamics of power-law non-Newtonian fluids in a cubic cavity with a diagonally driven top lid. The simulations are accelerated by utilizing CUDA C$$$ + $$$$$$ + $$$ programming on a graphics processing unit (GPU), allowing for efficient exploration of complex fluid dynamics

A DLBVS feedback control system, integrating effective depth estimation and EPnP methods, is successfully employed in a robotics application for precise aircraft refueling demonstrations. This system, utilizing non-calibrated monocular camera data, offers robustness against lighting variations, target object appearances, and complex shapes, achieving high accuracy and efficiency in pose control.

• The converter has continuous input current, cubic gain, reduced components, and a simple structure.
• The converter's 200 W hardware prototype verifies the converter's efficiency of 95.20% while it delivers 100 W output power, making it feasible for low- to medium-power applications.
• The presented new buck-boost converter functions in the partial power state during faults as the work also thoroughly examines the reliability of converters with different failures. The discussion of the variation of the reliability and the MTTF with different parameters is also highlighted in the paper.

For open-circuit faults and short-circuit faults of charging modules, we extract the fault feature vectors and construct the EMD-DBO-HKELM model. We build an experimental platform to obtain experimental data, and the final results show that the proposed method has good robustness.

The biggest obstacle faced in developing lightweight HEAs is to attain strength–ductility synergy, whereby increasing strength can result in a decrease in ductility. The introduction of coherent precipitates, hierarchical structures, and grain refining can be used to balance the strength and ductility of these alloys.

This study presents a method for regulating optical pressure using nanostructures. By matching the wavelength of incident light to the geometric parameters of the nanostructure, localized field resonance and maximum optical pressure can be achieved. Extensive simulations have established a key design principle for optimizing nanostructures. Notably, an impressive optical pressure of up to 4.85 N/m² was achieved with rectangular nanostructures, surpassing the performance of triangular and trapezoidal designs. Our work lays a theoretical foundation for the development of optical pressure-sensitive components and supports the practical application of nanostructured mirrors in precision laser power measurement, non-destructive testing, and optical propulsion systems.

The entire process of whale optimization method for the current problem is summarized in the graphical abstract image.

The utilization of waste-based, thermal energy-storing building materials in construction may help reduce the environmental impact of human activities. However, most studies on phase change materials (PCM) tend to concentrate on the basic properties of these materials, and thus fail to provide a comprehensive perspective on sustainability. This review aims to present both the advantages and blind spots of waste utilization.

Thermal performance analysis of solar-driven vapor absorption cooling systems using TRNSYS reveals evacuated tube collectors outperform flat plate collectors in urban Pakistan, achieving higher solar fractions and primary energy savings. Optimal performance is recorded in Peshawar, emphasizing the potential for significant fossil fuel reduction.

1. Presenting a phasor estimation model for 72-pulse converters of UIPC device based on artificial neural networks.

2. Using the data of a single terminal to estimate for various types of short circuits on both sides of UIPC.

3. No need for a predetermined threshold value to detect the fault side around UIPC.

4. The independence of the proposed model on fault resistance, fault distance, type of faulty phase, and time of fault occurrence in lines equipped with UIPC.

Motivated by artificial neural networks, this paper develops the NNA to optimize a Fractional-Order PID controller for LFC in multi-area interconnected power systems. It improves frequency regulating capabilities and reduces overshoots/undershoots. It achieves a 27.66%–93.78% improvement in Integral of Time Absolute Error compared to other techniques.

• In the proposed model, we have considered the defense mechanism of the benign worm, link prediction, and quarantine of the infected nodes as methods to reduce the spread of the worm in complex networks.
• For the benign worm, the parameters of the ability to detect vulnerable nodes and the ability to immunize nodes have been considered.
• The vulnerability list of the benign worm is considered as another characteristic of the benign worm and its role in the spread of the worm is analyzed.
• In the context of dynamic analysis of the model, we have obtained the initial equilibrium point and the basic reproduction ratio.
• Finally, the proposed model is evaluated on the Barabasi Albert artificial network and the standard data sets and compared with the SIR and SIRV models.

Solar energy is the most practical and benevolent of renewable sources of energy; it can be utilized to power almost all electrical appliances and has a significant solution to the lack of energy and global warming. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the automobile industry has relied on natural resources like coal and petroleum that are finite and take longer to replenish. The utilization of these resources not only diminishes the available energy, but also directly affects the global environmental change. The gases that are omitted by the vehicles are the cause of the depletion of the ozone layer and the increase in temperature of the air that is inhaled. The most effective approach is to transition the automobile industry to a more electric-based industry, instead of a more exhaustible one, and the drawbacks would be eliminated. The electric energy storage capacity is limited for the cars, and a short distance needs to be traveled after which the vehicle will need to be recharged; this suggests the utilization of additional resources in order to increase the time of recharge with the help of solar energy. This article offers a solution to the finite resources and effective utilization of renewable solar energy in the automobile industry as an add-on to battery-powered vehicles.

An electrochemical/thermodynamic analytical model for hard-pack lithium-ion batteries is proposed. The highly nonlinear dynamic model is discretized into a series of static problems, which are solved using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The efficient and compact MATLAB code is provided as an instructional tool for engineering education.