This study identifies a 7 mL volume of agitated saline as an optimal balance, maintaining diagnostic accuracy for Patent foramen ovale detection while reducing the physical strain on operators during the procedure.

This study used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to quantify vascular densities (VDs) in different layers of the retina and around the optic disc in eyes with retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and was the first to compare VDs in different layers before and after intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) treatment. The results suggested that: (1) OCTA can be used as a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of treatments on RAO in a quantitative manner; (2) IAT treatment can significantly improve the visual acuity and VDs of the RPC, superficial capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in the short term; (3) visual acuity was correlated with DCP-VD and central retinal thickness after IAT treatment.