• Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulates proliferation of SH-SY5Y-derived neural stem cells.
• Single LIPUS exposure produced significant neural stem cell numbers, but triple LIPUS exposures resulted in greater neural stem cell numbers than the single LIPUS exposure, albeit the difference was not statistically significant.
• ERK signalling plays a role in the induction of the cell proliferation induced by LIPUS.

1. Extensive research on cfDNA reveals new applications: non-invasive cancer screening, subtype classification and treatment monitoring.
2. Emerging fields such as genomics, epigenomics and fragment-omics offer promising disease-specific markers.
3. This review presents a more comprehensive overview of the characteristics of cfDNA in its current state.

This research reviews the critical roles of lipid metabolism in brain function, particularly focusing on its influence on astrocytes and their impact on neurological diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Glioblastoma (GBM). It explores how disturbances in lipid metabolism and astrocytic functions contribute to the pathology of these diseases and discusses potential molecular therapeutic targets related to lipid metabolism in AD and GBM.

1. Amino acid metabolism is crucial in chronic lung diseases, impacting inflammation, tissue repair, regeneration, nutrition, and muscle function.
2. Glutamate metabolism impacts chronic lung diseases development by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue repair processes.
3. Intervening in glutamate metabolism or modulating glutamate levels through glutamate receptors and transporters can have therapeutic effects on chronic lung diseases.