Elderberry extract (EE) can target both viral infection and vascular dysfunction which could be a useful strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality relating to COVID-19. Literature looks promising and builds a suggestion for investigating EE against COVID-19. However, further in vitro and in vivo research is required to fully evaluate elderberries as a supplement to aid current therapies.

Mulberry is a potential source of alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins that exerts various biological activities including anticancer, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, and antimicrobial. Mulberry has potential applications for the food industry and animal husbandry mainly due to its flavonoids.

Developed shallot-enriched amaranth-based extruded snacks possess high protein contents and exhibited high total phenol and flavonoid contents. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with the extruded snacks showed ameliorative effects on hematological parameters, attenuates elevation of enzyme activities in kidney and liver homogenates, and displayed decreased α-glucosidase/α-amylase activities. The extruded snack might be a functional snack appropriate for the management of hyperglycemia and prevention of its complication.

The nutritional—amino acid profile and mineral element of Moringa oleifera seed globulin (GLO) and its hydrolysates, as well as the in vitro bioactive properties—antioxidant, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of the GLO, hydrolysates, and membrane fractions were evaluated. The result showed that M. oleifera seed peptide fraction (<3 kDa) from the alcalase-derived hydrolysate contains potent antioxidants but relatively low in vitro antidiabetic properties.

• Sheep milk intact proteins have the potential to produce various biological peptides.
• In silico proteolysis of sheep milk proteins using an enzyme combination produced ACE-I and DPP-IV inhibitory BAPs.
• Molecular docking was used to identify BAPs that inhibit ACE-I and DPP-IV.
• An enzyme combination used in silico proteolysis gives guidance for lab-based protein hydrolysis for the generation of BAPs.

• Copper II-Albumin complex inhibits the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by AFB1 in the liver.
• Copper II-Albumin complex modulated the expression of Nrf2, PPAR-γ, and NF-kB.
• Copper II-Albumin showed therapeutic and prophylactic effects against AFB1 induced hepatic injury.

• Colla corii asini (CCA) was fractionated into three fractions with different molecular weights using ultracentrifugation equipment.
• The immunomodulatory activity of CCA fractions was investigated using RAW264.7 cell model and their antioxidant abilities were evaluated by 2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.
• Components with a molecular weight of >10 kDa in CCA had stronger immunomodulatory and antioxidant ability, which would be helpful to guide the industrial processing and manufacturing of CCA and to develop the health food based on CCA.

Erectile dysfunction was induced in rats with paroxetine administration. Grapefruit peel infusions improved sexual function and antioxidant status in the rats. Nitric oxide levels and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were increased while phosphodiesterase-5 and adenosine deaminase activities were inhibited.

Sinapic acid is a simple phenolic acid in fruits, vegetables, and grains with many health benefits. Dietary sinapic acid can significantly attenuate abnormal lipid metabolism in the development of HFD-induced obesity and reduce the level of oxidative stress to exert its anti-obesity effect.

Memory impairment was induced in rats with scopolamine administration after they were pre-treated with Hog plum (Spondias mombin) and Ogbo (Parquetina nigrescens) leaves extracts. Pre-treatment with the extracts prevented cognitive dysfunction in the rats. Increased cholinesterases, adenosine deaminase (ADA), ATP hydrolysis, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and arginase activities induced by scopolamine were significantly reduced in rats treated with the extracts.

The ameliorative effect of Persea americana seed extract on reprotoxicity in male rats treated with cyclosporine was assessed.

The signaling pathways for naringenin induced apoptosis and autophagy in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells

Plantain peels, which is regarded as a waste product, could be channelled towards improving sexual vigor, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)], and as a control agent of enzymes [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), phosphodiesterase-5′ (PDE-5), arginase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), ecto-5′neucleotidase, adenosine deaminase (ADA)] involves in erectile dysfunction.

Rosemary is one of the most used spices in the Mediterranean region. Since rosemary and its constituents possess several biological properties, it is examined for its potential healing capacity against UC disease in the present study. For this purpose, in vivo anti-ulcerative colitis effect of ROME was investigated comprehensively by histopathological studies, a number of in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and several in vivo antioxidant activities, in addition to in vitro antioxidant activities and biochemical analyses. In addition, the toxic effects of ROME on intestine, liver, and kidney were examined.

Effect of black seed on immune and inflammatory markers.

• FTIR analysis of Morus nigra fruit ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract revealed the O-H, C-H, C=C, and C≡C functional groups containing biomolecules.
• Quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, and kaempferol in M. nigra fruit were quantified using the HPLC system.
• The cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of M. nigra fruit was investigated.
• M. nigra exerted antioxidant, hypotensive, and hypolipidemic effects in cholesterol-fed and cigarette smoke exposed hypertensive rats.

Composite biscuits reduce the elevated activity of arginase in streptozotocin (STZ)/L-N^G-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive/diabetic rats. Also, the modulated activity of the purinergic enzymatic cascade was restored in composite biscuits-treated rats. The antioxidant status of the hypertensive/diabetic rats was enhanced in the treated rats.

Chrysin supplementation reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestine and aorta. Chrysin administration not reduced the body weight of experimental rats. Chrysin showed hypolipidemic activity through increasing gut microbiome colonization in intestine.

The study reported on the antihypertensive potentials of Bambara-groundnut and sweet orange peels composite bread as well as their abilities to ameliorate renal and hepatic dysfunction using Wistar rat model.

Moringa oleifera has been a vocal appetite in mitigating diabetic cardiomyopathy. For the first time, this report indicates that Moringa combines synergistically with acarbose to ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy by modulating cholinergic, purinergic, monoaminergic, renin-angiotensin systems, and antioxidant pathways.