Comparing healing effect against ulcerative colitis and toxicological effects of Rosmarinus officinalis: A comprehensive in vivo study of an edible plant in rats
Corresponding Author
Anil Yilmaz
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Correspondence
Anil Yilmaz and Gulacti Topcu, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Boulevard (Vatan Street), 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorFatih Uckaya
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorNihan Bayindir
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorEray Metin Guler
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorAli Toprak
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorAbdurrahim Kocyigit
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorMukaddes Esrefoglu
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gulacti Topcu
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Correspondence
Anil Yilmaz and Gulacti Topcu, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Boulevard (Vatan Street), 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Anil Yilmaz
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Correspondence
Anil Yilmaz and Gulacti Topcu, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Boulevard (Vatan Street), 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorFatih Uckaya
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorNihan Bayindir
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorEray Metin Guler
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorAli Toprak
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorAbdurrahim Kocyigit
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorMukaddes Esrefoglu
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gulacti Topcu
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
Correspondence
Anil Yilmaz and Gulacti Topcu, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Boulevard (Vatan Street), 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information
This work was supported by Bezmialem Vakif University, Department of Scientific Research Projects [Project No: 6.2014/28]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. UC usually worsens the daily life of the patient and may sometimes become mortal. There is no known remedy discovered against UC, yet. Rosmarinus officinalis consists of many flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids possessing various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory. For this reason, in the present study, anti-ulcerative colitis effect of ROME (Rosmarinus officinalis methanol extract) was investigated comprehensively by histopathological studies, a number of in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and several in vivo antioxidant activities, in addition to in vitro antioxidant activities and biochemical analyses. In addition, the toxic effects of ROME were examined. The results showed that ROME provided a significant healing effect against ulcerative colitis in rats. Both in vitro and in vivo assay results correlated with histopathological examinations. ROME exhibited minimal toxic alterations. When the results of rosemary are compared with the results of sulfasalazine, it can be suggested that instead of synthetic drugs with side effects, natural sources can be used for the treatment of various diseases. Although some activities of rosemary have been investigated in vitro in the previous studies, this is the first study revealing anti-ulcerative colitis effect of rosemary through histopathological studies, in vivo and in vitro assays as well as biochemical analyses overall.
Practical applications
The results revealed and proved that ROME provided a significant healing effect against ulcerative colitis in rats. When the results of rosemary are compared with the results of sulfasalazine, a commercially available drug on the market, it can be suggested that instead of synthetic drugs with side effects, natural sources can be used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases such as UC disease. In addition, ROME possesses limited toxic alterations, but not much more than the commercial drug. As a future perspective, lethal and therapeutic doses can be examined and determined. Thus, human studies can be started through this comprehensive in vivo study on rosemary which is commonly used as an edible plant and spice all over the world.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Not applicable.
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