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Direct bladder wall injection, as a method for orthotopic model development, results in 100% tumor take rate. All available methods for orthotopic model development are fully compared. This guides the researchers on choosing the right method for their purposes.

MIC-1 production was increased in PCa cells, which was affected by adipocyte infiltration and adipolysis. MIC-1 directly stimulated the surrounding PrSC cells to secrete protumorigenic cytokines such as IL-8 and IL-6 in the PCa stromal microenvironment, especially under a HFD condition. These upregulated functional cytokines directly and/or indirectly stimulated PCa cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.

We provide a mechanism by which the tumor suppressor JUP interact with the HIF2α transcription factor in ccRCC cells. JUP downregulation is likely to trigger the aberrant upregulation of HIF2α stability and transactivity, which further exerts effects on tumorigenesis in ccRCC. These results have important implications in both the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.

Objective: To explore the incidence rate (IR), clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of bladder squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. Methods: We extracted the IRs of BSCC from 1975 to 2016 in the SEER database, and plotted the trending curves. Then, the clinicopathological characteristics of BSCC patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 were selected and compared with those of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) in the same period. Furthermore, differences in overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of BSCC and UC patients were compared. Finally, COX regression models were constructed to explore the risk factors affecting OS and CSS in BSCC patients. Results: The IR of BSCC showed a downward trend from 1975 to 2000 and stabilized at about 0.3/100 000 after 2000. BSCC patients had a later stage at diagnosis and worse prognosis when compared with those with UC. Older age, higher TNM stage, no surgical treatment, and unmarried status were significantly related to worse prognosis of BSCC patients. Conclusion: This study explored the IR trends, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of BSCC. In the future, prospective, large sample, and well-designed clinical studies are needed to verify our results.

The acute adverse event rates and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) up to 6 months in 289 patients treated with hypofractionated (2.5 Gy or 3.0 relative biological effectiveness (RBE)/fraction) versus conventionally fractionated (2.0 Gy(RBE)/fraction) proton beam therapy (PBT). Although significant increases in the IPSS were observed at the end of PBT in all groups, the score had returned to the pre-PBT value, and no significant differences were found in the acute adverse event rates or IPSS among the fractionation schedules early after PBT, suggesting that a shorter treatment course might have greater benefit for patients with localised prostate cancer.

Whilst traditional diagnostic MRI sequences provide excellent delineation of the prostate, uncertainty often remains as to the true path of the urethra within the gland. This study aims to assess if a high resolution isotropic 3D T2 MRI series can reduce inter-observer variability in urethral delineation for radiotherapy planning.

• (1) Development of liquid biopsy has great potential of clinical application in non-invasive detection of tumours.
• (2) Urine-based biomarkers or tests for clinical management in bladder cancer can be widely used for early detection, minimal residual, recurrence monitoring and therapeutic response.
• (3) Many challenges need to be overcomed in the discovery and validation studies of urine biomarkers for bladder cancer.

Personal lifestyle is an important cause of prostate cancer (PCa) and positive lifestyles will be important to the prevention of the disease. A knowledge graph is a convenient way to present the relationship between PCa and lifestyle. A healthcare chatbot was developed to answer basic questions about the association between PCa and lifestyle.

1. NAT10 is highly expressed in BLCA patients and its abnormal level predicts bladder cancer progression and low overall survival rate. NAT10 is necessary and sufficient for BLCA tumorigenic properties.

2. NAT10 is responsible for ac4C modification of target transcripts, including BCL9L, SOX4 and AKT1.

3. NAT10 may serve as an effective and novel therapeutic target for BLCA.

Comprehensive whole-genome bisulphite sequencing of prostate cancer tissue identified 1420 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between patients with lethal disease versus non-lethal disease. DMRs were used to develop a targeted sequencing biomarker panel which validated cancer-specific methylation patterns in an independent cohort (n = 185). The epigenetic biomarker panel improves accuracy of identifying patients at risk of death compared to existing clinicopathological markers.

HFD-induced alteration of PIPs, especially PIP₃, may activate proliferative signaling transduction, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway through the upregulation of FASN, and influence PCa progression. Therefore, PI3K/AKT signaling and FASN could be the important targets for dietary intervention and/or chemoprevention in PCa incidence and progression.

Comprehensive understanding of survival differences in gender after cancer diagnosis is critical for cancer prevention and treatment. We compared the gender differences of cancer-specific survival in lung, esophageal, liver, pancreatic, stomach, colorectal, kidney, and bladder cancer. Totally, gender seemed to be a significant factor influencing cancer-specific survival, and the prognosis of female patients was better than male patients.

Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) is a key gene in the process of Cuproptosis, and its expression level reflects the role of copper death in cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) to a certain extent. For the first time, we used a combination of bioinformatics and experimental validation to explore the role of FDX1 in ccRCC prognosis, immunotherapy, and immune cell infiltration.

T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM structural domain (TIGIT), a novel immune checkpoint, is widely expressed in a variety of immune cells. Recently studies have shown that TIGIT is extensively involved in various cancerous and noncancerous diseases such as chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and abnormal pregnancy status. Thus, targeting TIGIT could be an effective immunotherapy option in the future.