Cover caption: The cover image is based on the Original Article The Myth of Mitochondrial DNA and Race Performance in Racing Pigeons by Geert Kolvenbag and Mark Scott. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.494.

The present study evaluated the feasibility and reliability of an ultrasonographic technique for measurement of Ao and CVC and derived ratios using three different acoustic windows in a population of healthy neonatal foals. A left ventral view of the abdomen allowed for rapid imaging and measurement of the cross-sectional diameter of both the aorta and the CVC in neonate foals in lateral recumbency, and might be a promising method to quantitatively assess the degree of hypovolemia.

Our article is a complete atlas of anatomic, radiographic and tomodensitometric images of the paranasal sinuses of the dromedary. The location, topography and communications between the sinuses are well detailed

• In a double-blind, randomized study, dogs received either a new supplement or a placebo for 30 days; the two groups were compared in a series of four behavioral tests.
• The behavioral tests were designed to mimic everyday life stressors and were applied on days 0, day 15 and day 30 to selected dogs.
• The dogs in the supplement group displayed an increased activity, greater familiarity with a stranger. This suggests that learning processes had been enhanced.
• Our results suggest that when combined with behavioral therapy, the new supplement might be useful in reducing mild fear and stress reactions in a context of everyday life stressors.

LACU is a feasible option for palliative surgical treatment in cases of prostatic carcinoma in dogs. This report describes a novel minimally invasive assisted technique in canine patients for palliative treatment of prostatic neoplasia

Skeletal metastasis is a common finding in dogs with prostatic carcinoma and most frequently involves the lumbar vertebrae and pelvis. In the present report, we describe the case of a prostatic carcinoma in a 6-year-old Labrador retriever, who developed apparent oral sensitivity and pain within a week of initial diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of mandibular metastasis of a prostatic carcinoma in a dog.

Serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and 25 hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25-OHD₃) were analysed to investigate their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in dogs of two breeds, the Rhodesian Ridgeback (RR) and Labrador Retriever (LR). The results of the present study reveal no clear hints towards the significance of PRL and IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of canine BPH. In the RR breed there were indications of a causal relationship with age-dependent changes in the vitamin D metabolism. The data suggest the possibility of preventing or treating canine BPH by administering vitamin D or of substances involved in the intraprostatic vitamin D metabolism.

Firocoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme inhibitor, is commonly prescribed for various conditions in dogs. It can cause a cutaneous adverse drug reaction and this case report describes a successful medical management of that.

We have reported two canine cases of ruptured follicular cysts causing foreign body-like aseptic pyogranulomas around cutaneous tissues and their successful management with pharmacological therapy and surgery.

An abdominal granular cell tumour with imaging, cytological and histopathological characteristic of malignancy was diagnosed in a 12-year-old mixed-breed dog. This is the first report describing this type of tumour in the abdomen of the dog.

An immature canine was attacked by another dog in a kennel facility and sustained multiple wounds to the lateral right forelimb and cranial right lateral thoracic region. The patient battled with recurrent infections and subsequent delayed healing and after approximately 35 days from the initial injury, the patient became acutely mildly lame and febrile. Open wounds and draining tracts were cultured and returned positive for Salmonella spp.; within the following days, the patient became painful, and the lameness progressed significantly, with radiographic confirmation of a pathologic humeral fracture.

This is a case of presumed septic sacroiliitis in a puppy presenting with unilateral hind limb lameness and sciatic nerve neuropathy. There was complete resolution of clinical signs and return to normal function following a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

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Hepatopathy in dogs determines an imbalance of several blood markers. Mefepronhic acid presents a rapid action to ameliorate alanine aminotransferase, glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels in blood. Therefore mefepronic acid can contribute to the recovery of the damaged hepatocytes and to the functional reserve capacity of the organ.

Silver nanoparticles are known to have antimicrobial effects and antibiofilm acitivity against several pathogens in humans but little is known in dogs. In this study, we demonstrated that silver nanoparticles have anti-biofilm effects for S. pseudintermedius, the main causative agents of canine otitis externa using modified microtitier palte, Congo red agar methods and scanning electron microscopy.

The incidence of dystocia in cats is relatively low compared to that in other pet and farm animals. However, when dystocia occurs in cats, manual, medicinal, or surgical intervention is required. To the best of our knowledge, we report here, for the first time, a successful C-section followed by an ovariohysterectomy in a Bangladeshi domestic cat, suffering from severe dystocia due to partial primary uterine inertia for >36 hr.

Ultrasound imaging of the ovaries clamped at a subcutaneous site showed that the combination of hCG injection with vaginal stimulation by a vasectomised male cat enhanced the ovulation rate of follicles.

Nanoselenium (Nano-Se) supplementation with dietary regime that feeding the fish one day followed by one day starvation and soon has the tendency to potentiate the growth efficiency and immunity as well as improvement the growth hormone, insulin growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These finding for the first time supported our hypothesis that confirm the Nano-Se supplementation to the diet of fish with special dietary regime could be useful for aquatic life and economy in decreasing the feeding cost as well as increasing the fish health welfare and growth.

Large-scale cross-border cooperation would be required for the effective control of the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Our findings demonstrated the high occurrence of colistin-resistant E. coli carrying mcr-1 on transferrable plasmids in slaughterhouses and indicated their dissemination into river.

Streptococcus dysgalactiae strain in a lactating mouse model of mastitis. Intracellular persistence of Streptococcus dysgalactiae may be associated with the spread of the infection to deeper tissues and development of persistent IMI. The mammary structure of mice is similar to that of dairy cows, thus, the characteristic of dairy cow mastitis can be well simulated by using mice as models.

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Bovine ephemeral fever or three-day stiff-sickness is controlled through annual vaccination with a live attenuated virus manufactured by Onderstepoort Biological Products (South Africa). We announce the genome sequences of two South African Bovine Ephemeral Virus strains; the live attenuated vaccine strain (14 876 nucleotides) and a field strain (14 883 nucleotides). Phylogenetic analysis based on the glycoprotein gene showed that the 2 strains clustered with the South African lineage.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is an important viral disease capable of incurring significant economic losses in commercial livestock production. This investigation summarises the clinical outbreaks of LSD in the commercial cattle population in Chattogram district of Bangladesh unrevealing the disease burden and associated risk factors.

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Our study was the first attempt to compare antibodies prevalence for two genotypes (A and C) of bovine respirovirus 3 in small and large domestic ruminants that were proved to be exposed more commonly to BPIV-3c than BPIV-3a, which may indicate that A may not be the dominant genotype of BPIV-3. This may influence Turkish livestock production and offer important implications for animal health. Due to the critical role, this virus plays in BRDC pathogenesis and the risk that arises from using current vaccines which mainly uses the BPIV-3a genotype.

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Immunological methods have emerged as an attractive alternative to flow cytometry and proteomic knowledge of X- and Y-sperm could be useful to the development of a new method. In this review we identify the main applications of sexed semen, describe the existing methods and highlight the future research opportunities in the field. We consider that immunological methods, based on sperm cell's surface proteins, deferentially expressed between X- and Y-sperm could be an interesting and promising approach to sex selection.

Concentration of 2,3-BPG in cattle diagnosed as acute ruminal acidosis was estimated under a field condition. The concentration of 2,3-BPG, BPGM, and BPGP decreased with decrease in ruminal pH.

This is the first study to address the perspectives of farmers on anthrax prevention. The study provided basic information on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Anthrax. It also helps in designing control strategy on anthrax under One Health (OH) approach.

Biovars; zoonotic; MLVA; Pakistan; Brucella; genotyping

Seasonal dynamics of physiological and metabolic responses of lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes was studied under the tropical climate of south china. Higher temperature humidity Index (THI) during the summer season (>80) resulted in a significant increase in RR and BST as compared to the winter season. High oxidative stress was observed in the summer season as revealed by significantly higher MDA and Cortisol while lower serum antioxidant enzymes (T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT) and growth hormone contents as compared to other seasons.

The study examines the expression of Ngb and Hif-1α in the telencephalon of adult yak and explores the factors causing the different levels of Ngb and Hif-1α in the telencephalon.

Various approaches have previously been utilized, for sonographic evaluation of the brain in calves. But transtemporal approach, which is a simple methods, has never been used before. This is the first study on the hydranencephalic brains of calves, using ultrasonography by transtemporal approach.

A Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) assay was developed for the newly identified genetic defect (Holstein haplotype 6, HH6) and integrated with our previously validated assays to screen for nine genetic defects in Chinese Holstein cattle. We found a high prevalence of these genetic defects, indicating that routine molecular testing should be used to eliminate the lethal defective alleles or at least minimize their frequencies.

The objective of this study is to determine gestational age in Bulgarian local goats through ultrasonographic measurements of some fetal heart indicators (heart rate, longitudinal and transverse heart axes). For precise estimation of gestational age, use of longitudinal (long) and transverse (short) axes is recommended. Fetal heart rate is not an exact indicator but can be used as a reference for gestational age along with changes in the heart size and echogenicity.

The comparative analysis of histological structure of esophagus in two species: domestic goat (Capra hircus) and European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was performed. Results show lack of esophageal glands and species-specific variations in structure of the lamina mascularis mucosae in small rumianants esophagus.

We describe the usefulness of CT for in vivo diagnose of subcutaneous granulomas in sheep. CT is an excellent tool to advance the diagnosis of subcutaneous Al-induced granulomas in vivo and to boost further research in SRLV infections in sheep.

DNAs of Theileria sergenti/orientalis/buffelli and Ehrlichia canis were detected for the first time in ruminant abortion products. The 51% of analyzed samples resulted positive for at least one of the pathogens searched and the 40% of samples resulted co-infected. Positive and statistically significant index of co-infection (Ic) were detected in double infection by E. canis/C. burnetii (5.581; p = 0.007), Theileria complex/C. abortus (9.713; p = 0.005) and Theileria complex/C. burnetii (9.391; p = 0.012) from sheep samples. This study indicates that pathogens with epizootic and zoonotic potential are circulating in the island and could be involved directly or in association with other pathogens as possible cause of ruminant abortion.

We aimed herein to study the tick infestation during the tick season in sheep with clinical episodes or heamopathogen infections in Beni Hamidene locality, district of Constantine, Northeast Algeria.

This study was to evaluate the protective effects of the hydroethanolic extracts of Terminalia chebula and Thymbra spicata on viability, lipid peroxidation, and DNA integrity of ram fresh semen under normal and oxidative stress conditions

A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey to backyard farmers in Ukraine was conducted to support control programs on African Swine Fever in the country. Results show that risky practices that influence the spread of ASF are regularly performed in backyard systems in Ukraine and that farmers would benefit from public outreach activities on ASF.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fiber level and source on fecal ceftiofur metabolites concentrations after intramuscular administration of therapeutic ceftiofur hydrochloride in finisher pigs. The concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites in the feces are likely reflective of the microbial activity in the hindgut. Overall, the fecal concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites did not differ significantly between the dietary treatments

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This article reports the epidemiological data of Porcine circovirus 3 in captured wild boar populations of Korea.

These results suggest that mixed infections are prevalent among PRDC cases in swine, which may pose a greater threat to the health of herds compared with single-pathogen infections.

The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) maintained under traditional rearing system in Nepal. Faecal samples contained 14 different protozoa and helminths with the prevalence rates of 91%. The indigenous pigs harbour a higher prevalence and greater diversity of GI parasites.

An indirect IgG-ELISA was developed to evaluate M. hyopneumoniae infection but not bacterin vaccination. The method was reproducible, sensitivity and specificity. This method was comparable to SIgA-ELISA but more convenient.

Differences in reproduction traits are observed between the Norwegian Duroc sire line and Norwegian Landrace dam line, which could affect in vitro embryo production outcomes. In this study, differences with regard to ovarian characteristics as well as to cumulus expansion, and nuclear and cytoplasmic oocyte maturation at 20 h were observed between the two breeds. Further experiments are required to study if there are differences in in vitro fertilization and embryo development.

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This study was firstly identified of human like Torque Teno viruses group 3 of pig sample by the PCR method.

The purpose of this study was to compare the di?erences in the transcriptomes of ovaries of hens with relatively high and low laying performances and screen candidate genes related to laying performance. RNA sequencing was performed to analyze and compare the mRNA in ovarian tissues of high and low laying performance hens.

Dietary Enteromorpha polysaccharides (EP) supplementation at 1000 mg/kg level promoted the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius may be involved in improving the immune function of broilers. These findings provided a reference for further exploring the specific molecular mechanism of EP that affecting the organ development in broilers.

Stressor factors during poultry production can produce changes in gene transcription and protein synthesis on the hen oviduct. Studies of relative gene expression require the identification of the most stable reference genes. The aim of this study was to determine the most stable reference genes of the magnum tissues of laying hens housed in two different production systems for welfare studies.

This study found that the average laying rate and the average egg weight of ducks in the LP group both increased. Extending photoperiods may improve the laying performance of ducks by reducing plasma levels of GnIH hormone and the expression of GnIHR and melatonin receptor genes.

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This study tested the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract against pathogenic muldrug resistant bacteria of poultry. It showed promising results in inhibiting growth of bacteria and could be used as an alternative to antibiotic if found effective by in vivo trail.

The pharmacokinetics and safety of zonisamide were investigated in chickens in single and repeated dose trials. Zonisamide appears to be a viable drug for use in chickens at a dose of 20mg/kg orally every 12 hr.

Elevated temperatures of 45−57°C (over physiological 37°C) increased protein misfolding and the formation and growth of amyloid using prion-like HEWL protein.

The extruded eggshell contains a large amount of Ca, P and a small amount of CP. The 8% extruded eggshell increased egg production, net profit and egg quality traits, but decreased FCR and production cost. The extruded (8%) eggshell may be beneficial to use in the diet of laying hen for producing a quality, safe and profitable egg.

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The present epidemiological study evaluated and compared the seroprevalence of MAP with the ELISA method in the cattle, sheep and goats following the detection of clinical cases. Moreover, the relationship between the infection and determinants such as species, age, gender and geographical location was investigated

• Ultrastructure of developing proximal tubules (PTs) is characterised and aided by computer-assisted tubular tracing.
• The newly formed nephrons reveal proliferative features and lack membrane specialisations typical for mature tubules.
• The PTs of capillary loop stage nephrons show ultrastructure typical for mature tubules.
• Electron-lucent cells with features similar to CD24-positive cells may imply they can differentiate and proliferate.

We developed a new form of immunocontraceptive vaccine composed of GnRH-I and -II complex conjugated with STF-2. We provide the vaccine efficacies with higher anti-GnRH antibodies in mice. The vaccine containing the GnRH-I + II peptide linked to STF-2 induced the suppression of fertility by inhibiting testicular and ovarian functions and reducing sex hormone levels in both male and female mice. In addition, the effects of fertility reduction were confirmed through mating experiments .

Chimeric antigen induced better immune response.

Orally treated mangiferin at an effective dosage of 50 mg/kg bw, to DMBA painted hamsters were significantly averted the body weight, succession of tumor, the biochemical as well as histopathological changes. Anti-carcinoma effect of mangiferin possess the modulator effects on potent antioxidant, anti-LPO and detoxification agents to expel the metabolites of malignant cells, on DMBA-provoked BPC in hamsters.

Baboons harbor Schistosoma mansoni which is infectious to humans. Humans can be infected through sharing of water resources, eating left overs since their fecal waste contaminate water and food. Control of the schistosomiasis in human population alone will still be a challenge if possible zoonotic sources are not looked at.

Administration of cosyntropin to captive grizzly bears caused increased serum cortisol levels within 1 hr. However, cosyntropin did not influence hair cortisol concentration at 1, 48, and 168 hr following administration. Cosyntropin-induced hair cortisol levels were insignificant compared to free-ranging bears during capture.

This is the first prospective study to investigate the impact of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) on race performance in a family of racing pigeons where there is a high percentage of male and female birds related to one foundation hen, Queen L by Jelle Roziers. This study shows that there is no advantage of having Queen L mtDNA with regard to race performance on the longer distances, overall and versus birds with mtDNA from National Treasure or Neither. The results of this study reject the hypothesis that mtDNA genes are related to long-distance performance in racing pigeons.

Despite the extent of knowledge on avian haemosporidian parasite, information about domestic and wild bird's blood parasites is overall insufficient in Iran. Prevalence of the haemosporidian parasite' and phylogenetic relationship of lineages was estimated by molecular and morphological results of 152 examined hosts belonging to 17 species.

To find the phenotypic differences of fatty acids in leg muscle of rabbits, the study use the leg muscles of obese rabbits with induced by high fat and normal rabbits to carry out weight loss test, respectively. Thus. it can make us to preliminarily understand the changes of fatty acids in leg muscles of rabbits after 70 days of age and provide a good basis for imporving meat quality of rabbits in the future.

This research work provides the cross-cultural information about medicinal plants in different communities of three different regions in the Southwest Pakistan. Cross-cultural analysis showed medicinal plants was commonly used among three ethnic communities that indicates a low interregional consensus with regard to the ethnoveterinary practices of medicinal plants.

The metabolism of gelsevirine was investigated using liver microsomes of human, pig, sheep and rat using a HPLC/QqTOF-MS method. The results indicated that the metabolism of gelsevirine in liver microsomes almost had a certain extent qualitative and quantitative species-difference. Based on these results, the possible metabolic pathways of gelsevirine in liver microsomes were proposed. The investigation on the metabolism of gelsevirine will facilitate the development and utilization of G. elegans in clinic and its safety evaluation.

The study assessed immune responses to C. burnetii phases 1 and II antigens and inferred the presence of acute and chronic Q-fever in a pastoral community presenting with febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya. Risk factors to the disease included gender, age, season and animal contact.

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