Highlights

• The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban south Indian population is 17.5%.
• There is a significant positive correlation between EDS and glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c.

Highlights

• There is considerable community-level clustering in dysglycemia, providing logic for considering community-based prevention strategies.
• There was a positive association of diabetes with higher socioeconomic status.
• There was a strong association of body mass index with prediabetes and diabetes, and our findings suggest the trends are interlinked.

Highlights

• This study examined the interaction between high alcohol frequency and a high number of depressive symptoms on the development of neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and coronary artery disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• Individuals with high depressive symptoms who drank the most frequently had the highest risk of incident neuropathy and coronary artery disease.
• Future prevention efforts should examine both alcohol frequency and depressive symptoms when assessing the risk of neuropathy and coronary artery disease among individuals with T2DM.

Highlights

• This study presents details of six peripubertal cases with clinically diagnosed Type A insulin resistance (IR), including four cases with identified insulin receptor (INSR) gene mutations (three previously reported and one novel).
• The study reveals the clinical features of patients with Type A IR due to INSR mutations compared with mutation-negative patients, and indicates that the extent of growth retardation during the fetal period is correlated with the severity of insulin signaling impairment.

Highlights

• Low birth weight was linked with lower body mass index, a smaller waist circumference, and larger waist:  hip and waist:  height ratios in the Chinese population.
• The non-linear pattern of associations between birth weight and body size in adulthood in this population, as well as the higher risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in men and women with low birth weight, suggest that nutrition in early life is of considerable importance to health in later life.

Highlights

• Among all patients with diabetes, 88.6% have certain comorbid conditions. Approximately 40.5% have diabetes-associated conditions (concordant comorbidity) and 48.1% have conditions not related to diabetes (discordant comorbidity).
• Patients with diabetes only spent less money on medical-related expenses, but received worse diabetes care than patients with comorbid conditions.
• Higher disease burden in terms of medical expenditure and health-related quality of life in patients with diabetes was associated more with discordant than concordant comorbidity.

Highlights

• This study reports a novel frameshift mutation c.212dupG (p.Gly73fs) in the insulin (INS) gene causing maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 10, one of the rare types of MODY, identified in seven family members.
• Screening for mutations in identified MODY genes is warranted in patients who require insulin, are negative for autoantibodies but have a family history of diabetes.

Highlights

• The minor allele G for fetuin B (FETUB) rs4686434 was significantly associated with decreased intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content.
• There was a significant joint effect between FETUB rs4686434 and patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 on IHTG content.

Highlights

• Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c values do not match in almost 25% of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care practices.
• Our analysis shows that the odds of having discordant glucose and HbA1c values is related to characteristics of people with T2DM (including age, sex, diabetes duration, body mass index), glucose-lowering drug treatment, comorbidity (liver disease, hypertension, depression), and complications (neuropathy, retinopathy, low estimated glomerular filtration rate).

Highlights

• There is clear consensus that population-specific obesity classification should be identified, but body mass index (BMI) cut-off points have not been determined for assessing diabetes risk in Chinese participants.
• This study found that age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points for assessing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk, but not a unit cut-off point for the whole population, should be considered in future T2DM risk assessments in a Chinese population.

Highlights

• Abnormal glucose regulation, determined by oral glucose tolerance tests, was independently associated with serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) concentrations in subjects with no history of diabetes.
• Serum AhR concentrations were negatively associated with β-cell function, independent of several confounders, including insulin resistance.

Highlights

• Tin was detected in 86.8% of urine samples, and the median urinary tin concentration was 0.4 μg/L.
• Urinary tin concentration was associated with a higher risk of diabetes.

Highlights

• In a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and elderly Chinese, short sleep duration was a modifiable lifestyle factor associated with a higher risk of prediabetes.
• Aging and hypertension may be important in the relationship between short sleep duration and impaired glucose metabolism.

Highlights

• Viruses may induce both insulin resistance and insulin secretory defects in diabetes.
• An association between human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection and ketosis-prone diabetes has been suggested previously. In the present study, HHV8 DNA positivity was associated with low insulin secretion.
• In addition, HHV8 DNA positivity was associated with an atherogenic profile and a lower body mass index.

Highlights

• Exposure to famine during early life can increase the risk of hyperglycemia in female Chinese middle-aged and elderly residents, but may decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in males.
• The association between famine exposure in early life and T2DM and hyperglycemia in adulthood was stronger in those who lived in rural areas before the age of 16 years.

Highlights

• Glycemic control can be incorporated into the information–motivation–behavioral skills (IMB) model.
• The utility of the modified IMB model in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Shanghai, China, is validated.
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control may be a better target population than patients with good glycemic control for application of the modified IMB model.

Highlights

• The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C):  HDL-C ratio was found to be an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus and the relationship remained stable in different subgroups (gender, age, and body mass index).
• The non-HDL-C:  HDL-C ratio may help identify a subpopulation at high risk of diabetes mellitus.

Highlights

• The effect of education on glycemic control depends primarily on the type of diabetes management, including self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).
• On its own, SMBG may only have limited effect in patients with low educational attainment.
• In this study we evaluated the combined effects of SMBG and educational attainment on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to identify strategies for disease management.

Highlights

• Diabetes is associated with 67% increased odds of disability.
• The prevalence of disability is higher among women than men.
• Forty per cent of the association of diabetes with disability can be explained by risk factors and concomitant disease.
• Obesity explained the largest percentage of the relationship between diabetes and disability, indicating that weight management may be helpful in controlling disability related to diabetes.