Highlights

• Serum total bile acids (TBAs) are significantly associated with a high risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).
• Serum TBAs are positively associated with longitudinal changes in glucose-related metabolic traits.
• Insulin resistance indicated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) might partially mediate this association of TBAs with T2D.
• Our findings spark novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic diseases depending on bile acids.

Highlights

Diabetic myocardium in Asian Indians showed

• decreased cardiac mitochondrial complex I respiration
• unaltered mitochondrial DNA copy number
• unaffected regulation of fatty acid metabolism
• similar levels of sirtuins and acetylated acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
• lack of increased oxidative stress

Highlights

• Low serum creatinine level was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among people who were overweight and obese.
• A linear association was found between serum creatinine and T2DM risk.

Highlights

• Low-dose intake of alcohol is associated with a lower risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in nondiabetic participants.
• Joint exposure to heavy drinking and diabetes is associated with a substantially higher risk of ESKD.
• Recommendations on alcohol intake among patients at risk of ESKD should consider the presence of diabetes as a comorbidity.

Highlights

• This is the first study to investigate the association of sleep efficiency with diabetes mellitus based on polysomnography data.
• Individuals with poor sleep efficiency have a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus.
• This community-based cross-sectional study found that poor sleep efficiency is associated with prevalence of diabetes mellitus in participants without sleep-disordered breathing.

Highlights

• This large observational study contributes with detailed assertions to the discussion about the influence of environmental conditions in early childhood on the risk of developing diabetes in India.
• The study considers nonlinear relationships between height and diabetes and suggests a U-shaped relationship between height and the risk of developing diabetes among women, and an increased risk with height among men.
• Adding data on the environmental conditions in early life might help to better understand the role of these conditions.

Highlights

• Elevated isoleucine, tyrosine, and alanine levels in early pregnancy are independently and significantly associated with subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
• Incorporating isoleucine and tyrosine into the conventional model modestly increased the discrimination ability but significantly improved the reclassification ability of the new model.
• New GDM risk prediction models including amino acids levels in early pregnancy might help clinicians to identify high-risk population of GDM.

Highlights

• Urocortin 3 (UCN3) may play a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolisms.
• Circulating levels of UCN3 were investigated in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM).
• Circulating UCN3 levels were significantly elevated in nT2DM subjects.
• Increased UCN3 levels are associated with having the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

Highlights

• Women whose husbands are smokers are at an increased risk of having impaired fasting glucose or diabetes, and this association exists in both a categorical and dose-response manner.
• We found an interaction effect of body mass index and husbands’ smoking on the risk of dysglycemia in their wives.
• Husbands' smoking cessation or reduced amount of smoking is beneficial for prevention of dysglycemia in their wives.
• Practical family-oriented approaches for smoking cessation and smoking restriction are warranted.

Highlights

• We observed significant and positive associations of the risk of type 2 diabetes with BMI, WC and WHtR, and we identified BMI as the best obesity predictor for diabetes.
• Our derived cutoff points were lower than the values specified in the most current Asian diabetes guidelines, and we recommend a cutoff point for BMI in Asians of 23 kg/m² and a cutoff point for WC of 89 cm in men and 77 cm in women to define high-risk groups for type 2 diabetes; screening should be considered for these populations.

Highlights

• This was the first report attempting to explore the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a Chinese population cohort.
• Daily ETS exposure was associated with an approximately 23% higher risk of T2DM.

Highlights

• Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have more severe sleep disturbances than individuals who are either healthy or have prediabetes.
• Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have more severe depressive symptoms compared to individuals who are either healthy or have prediabetes.
• The severity of depressive symptoms fully mediates the relationship between sleep disturbances and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Highlights

• The GRK2 level elevated not only in the myocardium of diabetic mice with early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy but also in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic patients with the early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
• The study findings suggested that the GRK2 was a potential biomarker for early diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Highlights

• This is the first study to demonstrate that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an excellent marker for undiagnosed diabetes when diabetes is diagnosed before 24 gestational weeks.
• HbA1c ≥ 5.8% is suggested as cutoff to distinguish between undiagnosed diabetes and gestational diabetes.
• Definitive diagnosis should be done after delivery.

Highlights

• A large retrospective study indicates no association between GDM and most types of cancer; this is in contrast to a few smaller studies that have suggested an association with cancer.
• An increased risk of thyroid cancer in mothers with GDM was demonstrated. While this risk requires further investigation, it may be advisable for physicians to consider regular thyroid examination for patients with a GDM history.

Highlights

• Chinese dietary preferences had different geographical distribution, which is related to the local climate and consumption level based on large-scale Internet passively collected data. Fried food, grilled food, and sweet food preferences were positively related to diabetes risk whereas spicy food preference was negatively correlated with diabetes risk. Dietary preferences based on passively collected Internet data could be used to predict regional prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and BMI and showed good value for public health monitoring.

Highlights

• Long-term exposure to relatively high SUA, despite within normal range, was associated with nearly 2-fold increased risk of renal function decline.
• In addition, long-term exposure to relatively low SUA level was also associated with increased risk of albuminuria.
• This study suggested that time-averaged SUA, rather than baseline SUA, is an independent predictor of incident DKD.

Highlights

• One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven women with GDM were analyzed.
• There was a relationship between insulin use and reduced resuscitation rates of infants born from mothers with GDM.