Highlights

• The results of this paper is a post-hoc analysis of the original Da Qing Prevention Study.
• The findings showed that hypertension per se not only led to a higher incidence of cardio-cerebral-vascular disease, but also increased the risk of cardiovascular disease events by accelerating the development of diabetes among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.
• It suggested that an individualized intervention targeting to control hypertension together with preventing the development of diabetes may favor the reduction of the diabetes-related macro-complications among the impaired glucose tolerance population with hypertension.

Highlights

• To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and blood glucose, a national cross-sectional study of SUA was conducted in those with and without diabetes.
• Stratified analysis showed an L-shaped curve between SUA and blood glucose only in diabetic females, regardless of whether fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c were used to measure blood glucose.

Highlights

• A large prospective cohort study was conducted to test whether there were racial and sex differences in the incidence of major diabetic complications between African Americans and Whites with diabetes.
• African Americans with diabetes had lower rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) and higher rates of heart failure, stroke, and end-stage renal disease than Whites with diabetes.
• The risk of CHD was lower in African American men than in White men, and the risk of stroke was higher in African American women than in White women.

Highlights

• The present study is the first to investigate associations between physical activity levels and sociodemographic and health-related factors in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Brazil.
• Surprisingly, some factors, namely age, self-declared skin color, smoking, pharmacological treatment for GDM, self-reported hypertension, and body mass index did not affect physical activity levels.
• Some factors related to not being active were not living with a partner, greater income, being employed, and having four or more children.

Highlights

• This study investigated the relationship between energy intake and sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
• Habitual food and nutrient intake of 391 physically active T2D patients aged ≥65 years and the presence of sarcopenia, defined using grip strength and the skeletal muscle mass index, were assessed.
• The energy intake of T2D patients was significantly negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia.

Highlights

• This meta-analysis is the first of its kind to study both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptible gene polymorphisms with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).
• Polymorphisms of T1D genes (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 [PTPN22] rs2476601, insulin [INS] rs689) and a T2D gene (transcription factor 7-like 2 [TCF7L2] rs7903146) are associated with the risk of LADA, indicating that it could be a genetic admixture of both T1D and T2D.
• Understanding the effects of genetic factors underlying the pathogenic mechanism of LADA would shed light on the classification and optimal treatment strategy despite its low prevalence rate.

Highlights

• In individual with type 2 diabetes, telomere length varied among ethnic groups in an Asian population, independent of metabolic conditions, smoking status, and levels of inflammation markers.
• Cross-sectional and longitudinal ethnic disparities were also observed in the inverse association of obesity indices with telomere length.
• Increased central obesity (visceral fat area) was associated with larger telomere attrition than general obesity (body mass index).

Highlights

• In patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), small recurrent circadian rhythm disruption (social jetlag) is associated with a poor glycemic control and this association is independent of age, sex, diabetes duration, total daily insulin dose, body mass index, and other sleep and circadian rhythm measurements.
• Social jetlag does not interact with sleep quality in exerting a deleterious effect on glycemic control in T1D patients.

Highlights

• Self-reported former smoking at follow-up increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
• Cotinine-verified former smoking at follow-up increases the risk of MetS.
• Weight control is important to reduce the risk of MetS when quitting smoking.

Highlights

• Patients with diabetes carry a residual risk of cardiovascular, cancer, and mortality events after bariatric surgery: compared with patients without diabetes, the risk is 26%, 21%, 42%, and 61% higher for all-cause mortality, cancer, heart failure, and stroke, respectively, and double for myocardial infarction.
• The risk of death after bariatric surgery remains higher in patients without diabetes than in subjects of same age from the general population.

Highlights

• Patients with type 1 diabetes are at risk for other autoimmune diseases (ie polyautoimmunity); the most common autoimmune diseases were thyroid disease (20.1%), systemic rheumatic diseases (3.4%), rheumatoid arthritis specifically (2.0%), and gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases (1.4%).
• Caucasians were more likely than other ethnicities to have an additional autoimmune disease.
• Autoimmune disease prevalence increased with age, significantly in women, with 38.5% of women over 80 years of age having an additional autoimmune disease.