Highlights

• Fetal and early childhood exposure to the Chinese famine exacerbated risk of CVD due to diabetes.
• The targeting of early life nutrition should be considered as an important long-term strategy to prevent CVD, especially in areas affected by famine and other natural disasters.

Highlights

• The depression-type 2 diabetes relationship is first explored in this population-based prospective study in China.
• Depression was associated with an approximately 52% higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
• The synergistic effect of depression and obesity on type 2 diabetes incidence was observed.

Highlights

• Some studies have indicated that low birth weight is significantly associated with diabetes, but the association is contentious, and the effects of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle in later life on the association are unclear.
• This study provides new evidence for a U-shaped association between birth weight and the risk of diabetes.
• Normal BMI or a healthy lifestyle may mitigate the negative effects of low birth weight in the development of diabetes.

Highlights

• Marijuana use is associated with lower insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in obese adults.
• Even a frequency of less than four uses of marijuana per month is inversely associated with both outcomes.
• In obesity, outcomes always remain low in former users after long-term cessation.

Highlights

• Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent predictor of survival and recurrence after surgery in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
• This finding reveals the importance of T2D in determining the prognosis of patients with RCC.

Highlights

• Dairy intake was inversely associated with the risks of certain chronic metabolic diseases
• The dairy optimal intake ranges in prevention of certain chronic metabolic diseases were different among young, middle-age and old participants.

Highlights

• Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be associated with diabetes risk.
• There were significant associations of diabetes genetic risk scores and weighted diabetes genetic risk scores with fasting plasma glucose and diabetes.

Highlights

• Rs10830963 in melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) may serve as a potential biomarker for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in a Chinese population.
• Compared with women with a family history of diabetes, rs7936247 was especially associated with GDM risk among pregnant women without a family history of diabetes.
• Genotype-phenotype associations indicated that rs10830963 and rs7936247 may contribute to GDM risk by affecting expression levels of nearby or distant genes.

Highlights

• This study investigated the risk of 23 common types of cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the largest sample size in mainland China.
• Increased risks were noted for 11 types of cancer in males with T2D and 13 types of cancer in females with T2D.

Highlights

• Resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with an increased risk of prevalent metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated 10-year predicted risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
• The association between RHR and prevalent MetS was more prominent in individuals without known cardiometabolic risk factors for MetS.

Highlights

• Liver scoring indices were significantly elevated in women with gestational diabetes 9 to 16 years after the index pregnancy.
• Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher and liver fat percentage was greater in women with than without gestational diabetes.
• Women with gestational diabetes may be at a higher risk for liver fat accumulation, regardless of and prior to the development of overt diabetes later in life.

Highlights

• The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia increased with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) severity at night-time.
• Nocturnal ventricular arrhythmias caused by CAN may be associated with circadian rhythm of cardiac parasympathetic nervous system damage or abnormal sympathetic reinnervation.
• In patients with type 2 diabetes, CAN stage was independently associated with the presence of nocturnal ventricular arrhythmias.

Highlights

• The natural history of type 1 diabetes cannot be simply described by the Eisenbarth model. In this study, patients' β-cell function at the time of initial diagnosis differed considerably and β-cell function decline after diagnosis was non-linear and tapering.
• In addition, individuals with long disease duration could still have considerable residual C-peptide secretion. Initial fasting C-peptide levels may predict β-cell function failure.

Highlights

• Chinese women develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with fewer risk factors than Caucasian women, including lower body mass index, yet resulting in a far higher GDM prevalence.
• Pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with and without GDM appear similar, whereas more adverse pregnancy outcomes occur among Caucasian women with than without GDM.
• This work suggests that a precision medicine risk prediction approach is needed that considers ethnicity and identifies and manages GDM and related risks.

Highlights

• Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in north India is strongly associated with HLA-DRB1*03 haplotypes.
• The association between HLA-DRB1*04 and T1D in north India differs from that in south India and in Caucasians.

Highlights

• This meta-analysis found that metformin use was associated with a significantly increased risk of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency and significantly lower serum vitamin B₁₂ concentrations in a dose- and duration-dependent manner in patients with diabetes.
• The meta-analysis did not find significant associations between metformin use and the risk of anemia or neuropathy in patients with diabetes.
• Annual vitamin B₁₂ assessment in diabetic patients taking metformin is recommended, and appropriate preventative and therapeutic measures should be taken when necessary.

Highlights

• Higher folate and lower vitamin B₁₂ levels were associated with higher glucose and a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
• The association between folate and vitamin B₁₂ imbalance and GDM risk can be further modified by maternal risk factors.

Highlights Serum apolipoprotein (apo) B is associated with existing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and is a possible predictor of the risk of MetS among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. The association between serum apoB and the risk of MetS was more prominent among normal weight individuals than in overweight or obese individuals.

Highlights

• Medication utilization trends for type 2 diabetes have changed significantly over the years with a shift towards newer agents, and in line with prevailing treatment guidelines.
• Metformin is currently the most commonly prescribed glucose-lowering agent, while the use of insulin has increased tremendously in our institution. Use of sulfonylureas decreased, but to a lesser extent than other studies.
• Glycemic control has remained largely stable throughout the 11-year study period, but the rate of severe hypoglycemia has increased.