Highlights

• Some data suggest that coexistence of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis substantially increases the failure of treatment of antituberculosis drugs.
• The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the healthcare delivery of tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus patients.
• The tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus syndemic needs a more aggressive focus to have a better outcome.

Highlights

• To best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to compare the gut microbiome of Indian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy controls.
• There were significant differences observed in the gut microbiome profile at the genera level of children with T1DM as compared to controls, thus indicating a distinct gut microbial signature in children with type 1 diabetes.
• Short chain fatty acid producers may play an important role as significant predictor of glycemic control in Indian children with T1DM.

Highlights

1. We evaluated the prevalence of postpartum diabetes among women with overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODiP).
2. Diabetes was diagnosed in 65 (70.7%) women with ODiP at a median postpartum interval of 29 months.
3. The prevalence of diabetes in the ODiP group was 47.4% among women tested in the first year postpartum, increasing to 86.8% among women tested at >3 years postpartum.
4. Postpartum diabetes was more common when ODiP was diagnosed in the first (27/29, 93.1%) trimester of pregnancy.
5. Postpartum diabetes was more common when ODiP was diagnosed based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) elevation before 15 weeks of gestation (19/20, 95.0%).

Highlights

• Two clusters of health behaviors were identified in a high-risk population for type 2 diabetes in an Indian setting.
• Individuals in cluster 1 (87.4% of participants) exhibited a high probability of not engaging in leisure-time physical activity and consuming insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables. This pattern was also observed in cluster 2 (12.6% of participants) in addition to having a high likelihood for tobacco and alcohol use.
• These findings emphasize the importance of interventions targeting cluster-specific health behaviors to prevent cardiometabolic disorders among high-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes.

Highlights

• Of the 1468 South Asian women with gestational diabetes, 213 (14.5%) women developed diabetes over median follow-up 1.8 years after childbirth, an incidence rate of 8.7/100 women-years.
• The incidence rates for participants with any one, two, and three abnormal values on antenatal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were 4.3, 8.3 and 19.0/100 women years.
• The rates of future diabetes in this high-risk cohort varied considerably with antenatal OGTT values, providing the opportunity for targeted intervention to prevent future diabetes.

Highlights

• The study reports a comparative profile on prevalence and incidence of T2DM and its associated risk factors in the younger and the older individuals in 2006 and 2016.
• Prevalence of T2DM increased both in the younger (36%) and older individuals (11%) in a decade's time.
• Incidence rose by 120% in the younger individuals and 150% in the older group.
• Percentage increase in cardiometabolic risk was higher among the younger than in the older individuals.
• Obesity and family history of diabetes were the primary contributing factors for the rising prevalence in both groups.

Highlights

• T2DM dominates worldwide, especially in the low middle income countries (LMICs) of South Asia.
• Despite acknowledging self-management as the corner stone in T2DM, LMICs face an implementation gap due to lacking policies and the fragmented care systems, neglecting crucial personal, behavioral, and social factors.
• In this first large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted in Pakistan, a LMIC, the nurse-led PACE-SMI demonstrated significant improvement in HbA1c, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in adults with T2DM at 3 months.
• Considering the substantial health and economic impact of T2DM in LMICs, evidence presented in this study holds implications for the healthcare policies, advocating for integration of PACE-SMI into standard practice.