Oleuropein exerts neuroprotective role by maintaining the integrity of blood brain barrier. Being a potent antioxidant, it inhibits protein aggregation, DNA damage and mitochondrial fission. As an antiinflammatory agent, it prevents neural inflammation, inhibits superfluous activation of microcytes & astrocytes and suppresses the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Besides, oleuropein also regulates levels of neurotransmitters in synaptic cleft, cellular calcium influx and behavioral responses to various endogenous/exogenous stimuli.

Natural phytochemical is gaining medicinal importance for a various diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative disorder, diabetes, and inflammation. Alkaloids and flavonoids, which are abundantly present in Nelumbo nucifera have many therapeutic applications. Neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid form N. nucifera has many pharmacological properties. This present review was an attempt to compile an updated pharmacological action of neferine in different disease models in vitro and in vivo, as well as to summarize all the collective evidence on therapeutic potential of neferine.

Litchi fruit wastes may be further studied as useful sources of therapeutic agents that may have medicinal relevance in oxidative, metabolic, vascular and carcinogenic ailments.

Diosgenin in cancer management.

The effects of stabilization malvids anthocyanins (SMA) on the diversity of gut microbiota in mice with oxidatively damage were evaluated. SMA could protect the body from oxidative damage and be used as a potential functional food to prevent diseases related to oxidative stress.

Therapeutic potential food sources and their approach to be used in post COVID-19 complications.

Ajwain oil exhibited the protective effect against OVA induced allergic rhinitis via suppression of allergic reaction, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.

Sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus alleviates liver injury via inhibiting NF-κB inflammatory signaling induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress.

• STZ induction caused hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, diminished RBC membrane fluidity, and glycation-induced free iron-mediated oxidative stress in male Wistar rats.
• STZ caused alteration in the cytoskeletal architecture of the pancreas, kidney and liver.
• Treatment with the Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract (60 mg/Kg b.w for 1 month daily) caused amelioration of the aforementioned abnormalities in the diabetic rats.
• Treatment with the extract also resulted in the reversal of the histological abnormalities of the pancreas, kidney and liver.

• Mixtures of cinnamon, purple onion, tea extract possesses glucose lowering effect.
• Mixtures hinder the α-amylase activity in enzymatic, oral starch tolerance test, and molecular docking.
• Combinations provide as nutraceuticals for promising hypoglycemia in diabetes.

Sulfated Codonopsis polysaccharides (SCPs) have protective effect on acute oxidative stress. SCPs can significantly increase antioxidant activity and reduce oxidation level, which mechanism might be affecting the expression of KEAP and Nrf2 genes. SCPs showed better protective effects compared with Codonopsis polysaccharides.

This study emphasizes the role of the medicinal plant Daucus Carota on prostate cells, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and α-glycosidase. It also demonstrates that this plant has rich in natural phenolic compounds.

7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer. The mushroom extract significantly decreased tumor biomarkers and improved antioxidant activity in carcinogenic rats. Moreover, the lipid profile, hematology study, liver function tests, and histopathology also proved the beneficial effect of mushroom extract.

• The current study was evaluated the antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, which are phyto-compounds with numerous bioactive properties, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage cells.
• It was observed that the cinnamaldehyde and eugenol pre-treatments decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA and NOx levels as compared to LPS group.
• The pre-treatments of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol has a protective effect on LPS-stimulated oxidative stress and inflammation in Raw 264.7 cells

In the shio-oshi processing of daikon, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) gets accumulated (attributable to the upregulation of the BCAT gene). 4-Methylthio-3-butenyl GLS (MTBGLS) levels are maintained by the downregulation of the myrosinase genes and their activities. In the hoshi processing of daikon, BCAA gets accumulated (attributable to the upregulation of the BCAT, MAM, and IPMDH genes). MTBGLS accumulation is attributable to the upregulation of the GRS gene. Both dehydration processes induce a stress response and improve the health benefits of radish root.

L. draba protects the testes against the destructive effects of CP by amplifying HPGA, activating the endogenous antioxidant system (reducing ROS), reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting apoptotic (ROS-dependent Keap1/Nrf2/HO1 and Bax/Bcl2/p53/caspase-3) pathways. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds of this plant maintain the structure and function of the testis including spermatogenesis during chemotherapy. It seems that the aphrodisiac and polyphenolic compounds of this plant can maintain fertility in men treated with chemotherapy drugs.

Bioinformatics analysis showed that Xyn1923 only shared maximum identity of 37% with the reported xylanases in the protein database, indicating that Xyn1923 was a novel GH10 xylanase. Xyn1923 contained multiple functional domains and the saccharification properties of Xyn1923 indicated that it was an endo-xylanase. The robust thermal stability and alkali resistance of Xyn1923 make it a potential candidate for the food and paper industries.

Methodological summary of the study in progressive order.

L-arabinose supplementation alleviated dyslipidemia and inflammatory responses in HFD/STZ induced T2DM mice, and significantly reduced their blood glucose and increased their glucose tolerance. In addition, L-arabinose supplementation reduced oxidative damage and regulated the composition of gut microbiota, reducing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota, thereby alleviating type 2 diabetes.

• Neuroprotective effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds is investigated.
• Niazimicin (NZ), a thiocarbamate from MO, is identified as a novel neuroprotective drug lead.
• Niazimicin showed potential inhibiting interactions with inducible nitric oxide synthase and caspase-3 in silico.

Gallic acid exerted a beneficial effect in the free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance model through the miR-1271/IRS/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. This research will be able to offer basic information regarding a potential therapeutic strategy to control hepatic insulin resistance.

Viphyllin^TM, a standardized black pepper seed extract containing not less than 30% β-caryophyllene, improved cholinergic function in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice. The extract was found to enhance the expression of matured BDNF and downregulate the MAPK proteins to a significant extent compared to the model group. The neuroprotective effect of Viphyllin was further demonstrated through regulation of apoptotic markers in brain. Viphyllin could be a potential dietary supplement for cognitive health benefits.

Ascorbic acid had a dual effect on tyrosinase activity and with a half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 13.40 ± 0.05 µM. It interacted with tyrosinase in a dynamic contaction caused by Förster's resonance energy transfer (FRET) and induced a conformational change of the enzyme. It could chelate the copper ions located in active center and interact with amino acid residues of tyrosinase via hydrophobic interaction. Besides, ascorbic acid had a strong anti-browning activity against fresh-cut Fuji apple.

Flow of sample preparations from "Japanese leaf burdocks", result of antiallergic activity and analysis of activity compound.

Great Northern Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are a major pulse crop and a good source of plant-based proteins and bioactive peptides. The present study evaluated how the food-processing techniques, such as boiling, high-pressure processing (HPP), and a combination of both, can alter protein structure, modulate enzyme accessibility, and release bioactive peptides from Great Northern Beans. The potential antioxidant activity of the alcalase hydrolysis of the processed beans was determined via the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The peptide composition of the alcalase hydrolysates was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that the boiled hydrolysates had the highest antioxidant activity, which may be due to the presence of peptides, Tyr-Phe and Ile/Leu-Arg-Val, in high abundance.

• Liposomes loaded with 1% betel leaf ethanolic extract (BLEE) prepared by thin film hydration method (BLEE/L-T1) had a smaller particle size, paler color, higher encapsulation efficiency, and slower releasing efficiency than those prepared by ethanol injection method.
• Encapsulation in liposomes had no adverse effects on antioxidant activities of BLEE.
• BLEE/L-T1 showed higher abilities in maintaining antioxidant activities when subjected to a GIT digestion system.

Green and Black olive extracts ameliorated the cigarette smoke-induced depressive-like behaviors in rat model by reducing the immobility period of rats in forced swim test and tail suspension test while increasing the latency to respond in hot plate assay. These results were comparable to those obtained by standard antidepressant drug (citalopram). Moreover, olive extracts also improved the oxidative stress-induced decline in antioxidant pool, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and histological alterations in brain parenchyma. Besides, improved the expression of depression-related genes including monoamine oxidase-A, solute carrier family 6 member 4, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes.