The effects of Daucus carota extract against PC3, PNT1a prostate cells, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and α-glycosidase; an in vitro–in silico study
Mehmet Nuri Atalar
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Abdülmelik Aras
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
Correspondence
Abdülmelik Aras, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorFikret Türkan
Health Services Vocational School, Igdır University, Igdır, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorNeslisah Barlak
Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorÜmit Yildiko
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
Department of Bioengineering, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorOmer Faruk Karatas
Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorMehmet Hakkı Alma
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorMehmet Nuri Atalar
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Abdülmelik Aras
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
Correspondence
Abdülmelik Aras, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorFikret Türkan
Health Services Vocational School, Igdır University, Igdır, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization
Search for more papers by this authorNeslisah Barlak
Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation
Search for more papers by this authorÜmit Yildiko
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
Department of Bioengineering, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorOmer Faruk Karatas
Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorMehmet Hakkı Alma
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Daucus carota L. ssp. major (DCM) plant is widely used in traditional medicine to treat some types of cancer and various diseases. Therefore, we evaluated the biological activities of this plant to define its effects against prostate cancer (PCa), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), oxidation, and diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as identified its phenolic composition. To determine the anti-cancer properties of the plant extract, we treated PCa cells with the extract at a concentration range of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/ml. Significant results were obtained against the PC3 cells compared to normal PNT1a prostate epithelial cells. As a result of precise measurements at the millimolar level, it was observed that the plant extract showed an effective inhibition (IC50) against glutathione S-transferase (GST; 12.84 mM), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE; 15.07 mM), and α-Gly (11.75 mM) enzymes when compared with standard inhibitors. Antioxidant activities of DCM methanol extract were determined via two well-known in vitro techniques. The extracts showed antioxidant activities against the DPPH and ABTS+. The LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to determine the phenolic compounds of methanol extract from DCM. Chlorogenic acid (2,089.096 µg/g), shikimic acid (193.14 µg/g), and coumarin (113.604 µg/g) were characterized as major phenolic compounds. In addition, the interactions of chlorogenic acid, chrysin, coumarin, and shikimic acid with the used three enzymes have been calculated using molecular docking simulation.
Practical applications
Plant natural phenolic compounds have protective effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogen, and enzyme inhibitory. Therefore, it has an important place in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The present study aims to reveal the enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties of the Daucus carota ssp. Major (DCM) plant extract. Significant results were obtained against the PC3 cells compared to normal PNT1a prostate epithelial cells. DCM extract demonstrated considerable antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential on used metabolic enzymes. These biological effects are thought to have a relationship with rich chemical composition.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
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