Glycyrrhiza glabra alcoholic root extract ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and glycation-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions
Corresponding Author
Subhrojit Sen
Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Correspondence
Subhrojit Sen, Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorRahul Singh
Corporate Quality Assurance & R&D—Analytical (Healthcare and Food), Emami Ltd., Kolkata, India
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Subhrojit Sen
Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Correspondence
Subhrojit Sen, Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorRahul Singh
Corporate Quality Assurance & R&D—Analytical (Healthcare and Food), Emami Ltd., Kolkata, India
Contribution: Validation
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information
This work was supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi [Grant no. 38(1129)/03/EMRII]. S.S. received a Senior research fellowship from the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-associated oxidative stress leads to various pathophysiological complications in diabetes mellitus. Here, the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) root extract of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic changes and the associated free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were investigated. The animals were divided into five group, Group 1: Control (NC received buffer); Group 2: STZ-induced (DC); Group 3: Control treated with G. glabra root extract (NT, 60 mg/Kg b.w daily for 1 month); Group 4: Diabetic treated with the extract (60 mg/Kg b.w daily for 1 month); Group 5: Diabetic treated with glibenclamide (DTG, 8.6 mg/Kg b.w for 1 month). STZ (i) induced hyperglycemia, abnormal intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), increased HbA1c and decreased plasma insulin levels (ii) hyperlipidemia (iii) lowered antioxidant enzyme activities (iv) diminished RBC membrane fluidity (v) enhanced hemoglobin glycation-induced iron release and associated free radical reactions. Treatment with the extract resulted in significant reversal of hyperglycemia (DC: 205.0 ± 7.0 mg/dl vs. DT: 87.5 ± 4.5 mg/dl, p < .05); HbA1c (DC: 11.5 ± 2.0 vs. DT: 7.5 ± 0.8 vs. DT: 7.5 ± 0.8, p < .05); insulin (DC: 0.3 ± 0.06 vs. DT: 1.25 ± 0.15 μgm/L, p < .05); free iron (DC: 150.4 ± 7.07 vs. DT: 98.8 ± 7.7 μgm/gm of Hb, p < .05); TBARS (DC + H2O2: 24.62 ± 11.30 vs. DC + H2O2: 9.82 ± 2.56 mmoles/h, p < .05); carbonyl (DC: 40.40 ± 1.57 vs. DT: 25.50 ± 1.12 mmoles/g of Hb, p < .05) levels and β-cell count/pancreatic islet (DC: 85 ± 15 vs. DT: 125 ± 20, p < .05). Thus, G. glabra extract is quite effective against hyperglycemia and the associated free iron-mediated oxidative stress.
Practical applications
Chronic use of oral hypoglycemic synthetic drugs may produce side effects and drug resistance. Recently, various plant extracts are being researched to explore their antihyperglycemic potential. Here, the effects of this alcoholic powdered root extract on STZ-induced diabetic changes and associated oxidative stress, including hemoglobin-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were examined. The STZ-induced diabetic changes and hemoglobin-glycation-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were alleviated in the Wistar rats after 1-month of treatment with the extract. We have also reported previously that glycyrrhizin, a bioactive constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra root inhibits peroxidase, esterase activities of hemoglobin and hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage without affecting oxygen-binding capacity of the protein. This preclinical work further substantiates the potential therapeutic use of the G. glabra whole root extract in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Research data are not shared.
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