The learned and punished models are used under the category conditioned operant conflict test like the Vogel conflict test. We also discussed the models of classic conditioning like fear conditioning and psychosocial models like social defeat, and physical and chronic unpredictable stress. This review also shows the effect of the immune system response on the mind and body of animals.

This study analyzes the impact of national volume-based procurement (NVBP) on lipid-lowering drugs before and after policy implementation using 24 months of data. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the use of bid-winning statins, but the policy did not cause an overall change in the use of proprietary Chinese medicines.

The study examined nutritional literacy for oral health among village health volunteers (VHVs) in Thailand's Public Health Region 1. A mixed-methods approach revealed VHVs had moderate knowledge but high self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health, with a negative correlation between knowledge and skills. Findings highlight the need for skill-based health literacy training tailored to VHVs' roles.

After rotator cuff surgery, patients should choose to complete rehabilitation to optimize shoulder function. However, the initiation timing of PT may not affect functional shoulder outcomes.

Incidence of pertussis based on anti-pertussis toxin immunoglobulin G among patients referring to infectious clinical centers in Jahrom, Southern West Iran.

This study described the delivery of vaccination services in community pharmacies among 474 community pharmacists. With a response rate of 86.7%, less than half of the respondents (40.1%) had undergone vaccination training, 129 (31.4%) provide vaccination services while 72 of 129 (55.8%) administer vaccines in their pharmacies. Government support through legal framework and policy review will improve pharmacists as vaccinators and coverage.

This study aims to give possible solutions to the impact of climate change on the nation's physical and mental health and emerging infectious diseases. Improving Bangladesh's healthcare, response, and data collection systems is a public health emergency.