cTBS can produce both inhibition and paradoxical facilitation of cortical MEPs. Contrary to the impact of other SSRIs on alternative forms of non-invasive brain stimulation, fluoxetine 20 mg did not modulate the effect of cTBS.

The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses in the laxative and non-laxative groups are shown in graphical abstract. The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that benzodiazepine prescriptions were significantly higher in the laxative group (OR, 3.059; 95% CI, 1.523–6.144; p = 2.0 × 10⁻³).

This study investigated changes in weight, BMI, and blood test results before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment in TRD patients.

A case of cefepime-induced encephalopathy was described. Depression and cancer might be possible occult risk factors for cefepime-induced encephalopathy.

For the first time, cerebrospinal fluid orexin levels were measured in patients undergoing aortic surgery with spinal drainage, requiring ICU admission. Diurnal variations were observed, but there were no consistent periodic changes.

This analysis of enquiries to a comprehensive state government funded cannabis medicines advisory service provides complementary real-world data to clinical trials. Advisory service data adds to existing observational data related to patient clinical characteristics, cannabinoid selection, and potential comorbid disease- and drug-interactions. The findings of this study shed light on the information medical practitioners were seeking to inform their clinical decision making about medical cannabis and informed the development of clinical guidance resources.

Among the first-visit patients, 31.4% (118/376) were prescribed antidepressants. Missing educational attainment data and the view of myself domain of the QIDS-J were negatively associated, while the concentration/decision making domain of the QIDS-J was positively associated with antidepressant initiation.

We analyzed the current status of antipsychotics for Japanese forensic inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders nationwide. Olanzapine was the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic, followed by clozapine. Clozapine was associated with longer hospitalization and a higher rate of seclusion experience.

Although methamphetamine (METH) and other addictive substance use disorders are a major social problem worldwide, appropriate pharmacotherapies have not yet been discovered. The novel nonpeptidic μ-opioid receptor (MOP)-selective antagonist UD-030 dose-dependently inhibited the acquisition and expression of METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. These results indicate that UD-030 may effectively inhibit rewarding effects of METH and suggest that a novel MOP-selective antagonist may be a candidate for the development of pharmacotherapies for METH addiction.

During postnatal development, both BTBR T⁺ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, a model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and control C57BL/6J mice exhibited characteristic changes in basal corticosterone levels, peaking at weaning. At weaning, BTBR mice showed dysregulated stress responses characterized by higher corticosterone and corticotropin-releasing hormone levels but lower adrenocorticotropic hormone levels after acute stress exposure. Additionally, BTBR mice displayed altered expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in specific brain regions, suggesting disrupted hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function at weaning in this ASD model.

This study investigates the risk factors for nightmares among psychiatric patients treated with suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist. A retrospective analysis of 440 patients revealed that 9.1% experienced nightmares, with younger patients (aged 20–39 years) being at a significantly higher risk. These findings suggest age-dependent susceptibility to suvorexant-induced nightmares, highlighting the importance of caution when prescribing this medication to younger individuals.

In this study, fiber photometry recordings revealed transient increase in neural activity of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) at the onset of turning toward and sniffing novel mice during the social approach test. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administration did not alter NAc neural activity during these social behaviors, whereas it increased social approach time.

Subjects with insomnia disorder treated for mild depression or anxiety symptoms from E2006-G000-303, a 12-month, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study where subjects were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo, lemborexant 5 mg, or lemborexant 10 mg for 6 months, were evaluated. Lemborexant treatment had a positive effect on sleep in subjects with insomnia disorder treated with medications for depression/anxiety symptoms, with no new safety signals.

This study reveals short-term brain changes from moderate alcohol doses in healthy volunteers. MRI scans show an increase in lateral ventricular volumes and a decrease in specific gray matter regions. These changes suggest acute alterations in CSF dynamics and brain water content, highlighting the need for further research into the underlying biological mechanisms.

This study examined the effects of chronic immobilization stress (CIS) on mouse behavior, weight, and autophagy-related gene expression in the hippocampus. In the CIS response group, a correlation analysis was conducted between weight change ratio and Fkbp5 mRNA expression levels, using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results showed a significant correlation, with significance defined at a p value< 0.05.

PACAP-6-38, a PAC1R-selective antagonist, was injected into the hippocampus of Sprague–Dawley rats to assess its effect on anxiety-like behavior. The results showed that the drug led to increased time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze, indicating an anxiolytic effect. This suggests that hippocampal PACAP may play a role in promoting anxiety-like behavior.

The present study examined the relationship between psychological distress and schizotypy in a Japanese adult population. The results suggest a strong association between psychological distress and schizotypy.

This research reports the results of a preliminary cross-sectional study on tobacco use for pain relief in Japan. The survey found that 6.6% of smokers experiencing pain (8.8% in cases of chronic pain) used tobacco for pain relief. Those who used tobacco for pain relief tended to be younger, more likely to be receiving treatment for schizophrenia and pain, had higher rates of analgesic use, and reported greater pain intensity and catastrophic thinking about pain.

Biotin has been shown to alleviate anxiety and depression associated with alcohol withdrawal in rats by regulating serotonin metabolism and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This suggests that biotin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for managing withdrawal symptoms in substance use disorders.

Coronavirus directly transactivates epidermal growth factor receptors. Coronavirus stimulates epidermal growth factor release by ectodomain shedding. The brain activation of epidermal growth factor receptors results in acute or chronic psychotic behaviors.

This review examines the role of activated platelets in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, highlighting their contribution to amyloid peptide (Aβ) accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles. While platelets normally support neuronal health and synaptic plasticity, their overactivation may exacerbate AD. Targeting activated platelets presents a potential strategy to mitigate AD neuropathology.

This study clarified gender differences in the effect of trust on the severity of drug dependence, using data from stimulant offenders imprisoned throughout Japan. Our findings indicate that men's sense of trust in oneself negatively influenced the drug dependence severity; on the other hand, women's distrust in others positively affects the severity of their drug dependence. Thus, it is necessary to consider gender differences when support is provided for stimulant offenders.

Rats chronically treated with haloperidol exhibit drug-induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Expression of dynorphin, enkephalin, and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors was altered in haloperidol-treated rats. Both indirect and direct pathways are involved in haloperidol-induced movement disorders.

Residual fatigue is a common symptom in patients suffering from depression, impacting quality of life and relapse risk. Modafinil shows promise for short-term relief, but more research, especially in bipolar depression, is vital. Standardized tools are urgently needed.

This study assesses the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale for children (IGDS-C) and provides evidence supporting the use of IGDS-C among Japanese clinical and nonclinical populations.

This study showed a direct link between autism and the intake of sugar and maltose and an inverse connection between autism and the dietary intake of total carbohydrate, fructose, and lactose.

A case of severe zinc deficiency anemia after initiation of clozapine. Successful continuation of clozapine treatment with zinc supplementation.

Even though metformin shows promise in improving specific cognitive domains, such as memory, and reducing neurodegenerative risks, its effects remain inconsistent across different cognitive assessments. The low quality of existing evidence highlights the need for robust research to determine whether metformin's cognitive impacts are protective, neutral, or dependent on individual patient profiles.

We investigated the role of rare CNTN5 variants in ASD susceptibility by performing resequencing, genotyping, and association analysis in a Japanese population. Out of three identified CNTN5 rare putatively damaging variants, we found a nominally significant association between the I227 variant and ASD in 614 patients with ASD and 61 058 healthy controls, but not after post hoc correction. Hyperacusis was noted in three out of nine patients carrying the variants.

Psychotropic meds during pregnancy are safe for mothers with psychiatric disorders & their babies. No link to malformations or breastfeeding choice. Birth weight & Apgar scores were tied to gestational weeks, not meds. Larger studies needed.

This quasi-randomized controlled trial investigated a novel combined approach of attention bias modification (ABM) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for male inpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Both the CBT + ABM intervention and CBT-alone groups showed substantial improvements in relapse risk and craving levels over the 6-week treatment period, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of integrating attention retraining with conventional treatment. These findings support the viability of both treatment approaches while suggesting opportunities for future research to optimize combined interventions in naturalistic settings.

Analyses of the 20 gene expression datasets of hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease model mice revealed patterns linked to immaturity, decreased pH, and neural hyperexcitation. Pathway analysis suggests that the gene expression changes might be involved in synaptic and channel functions, as well as inflammatory responses.

This study investigates the role of Fabp4 in brain function using Fabp4 knockout (KO) mice. Despite negligible Fabp4 expression in the brain, RNA-seq analysis revealed significant changes in genes associated with synaptic organization and epigenetic regulation. These findings support the concept of an “adipo-brain axis,” where peripheral metabolic processes influence neural function and behavior.

We developed the WAIS-IV short form for schizophrenia consisting of Similarities and Symbol Search. The short form showed valid IQ estimation and a positive correlation with social functioning confirming the usefulness in clinical application.

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between blood fatty acid fractions and PTSD in patients who were treated in the emergency room due to physical trauma. The results showed a relationship between the ω6 unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, and PTSD judgment.

This systematic review examined pharmacological interventions for mild depression; however, no trials were identified that specifically compared antidepressants with placebo exclusively in patients with mild depression. Among supplements, eicosapentaenoic acid and Rhodiola rosea emerged as potential treatment options. The scarcity of high-quality studies highlights the need for further rigorous research to inform evidence-based treatment strategies.

Three cases of dissociative identity disorder with ADHD were described. The use of Methylphenidate improved not only ADHD but also their dissociative symptoms.

Laxative use has recently been identified as a risk factor for hospitalization in patients with schizophrenia, and oral antipsychotic medication may be problematic due to gastrointestinal dysfunction affecting absorption, suggesting that transdermal antipsychotic patches could be a suitable alternative. A retrospective cohort study compared the efficacies of a blonanserin (BNS) patch and BNS oral formulation in patients with schizophrenia treated with laxatives, with the primary outcome being hospitalization to psychiatric wards. The study found no significant difference in the risk of hospitalization between the BNS patch and BNS oral groups, and further research is warranted to consider factors such as patch preference in the elderly.

We conducted epigenetic clock analyses to investigate the association between the difference in NIHSS (dNIHSS) and multiple epigenetic aging in patients with ischemic stroke. There was no significant association in the epigenetic age acceleration. We may be able to find different findings with larger sample size, and longitudinal data such as NIHSS scores at fixed intervals.

An enlarged ventricle is a representative feature of brain biotype 1 among the four brain biotypes classified by subcortical regional volume.

This cross-sectional, web-based survey study was conducted across Australia, China Mainland, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Taiwan, to assess the impact of anhedonia on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health-care resource utilization (HRU), and work productivity in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD). Multivariate analysis revealed that MDD subjects with anhedonia had significantly worse sexual functioning HRQoL as well as higher HRU and impairment to work productivity and activity than subjects without anhedonia.

“Death Coffee” is an incredibly potent brew with caffeine content three times higher than conventional coffees. Caffeine intoxication can occur if caffeinated beverages are consumed in excess.

This interim, cross-sectional analysis to evaluate the relationship between cognitive impairment and work productivity loss in patients with bipolar disorder examined correlations among baseline symptom scores and correlations between each symptom score and work productivity loss (presenteeism) and quality of life. Cognitive impairment, depression, and insomnia were associated with both presenteeism and quality of life. The study findings suggest that treatment should focus on improving the core symptoms of bipolar disorder as well as insomnia and cognitive impairment.