Spent coffee grounds are a rich source of chlorogenic acid, a compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This review conducts a comparative analysis between the conventional and non-conventional extraction techniques based on CGA yield, environmental sustainability, cost, and processing time. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) emerged as the most efficient method, providing the highest CGA yield and demonstrating the best environmental performance.

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in combating the devastating pathogens of tomato crop. The study also optimized the dosage of SeNPs, for potential antimicrobial and pesticidal efficacy.

In this study, aqueous extracts of ginger, blue butterfly pea flower, and ivy leaf were fortified to the yogurts and evaluated the sensorial, physicochemical, and functional characteristics of yogurt along with the protein interactions. Results revealed that the fortification of all the plant extracts had a significant impact on the sensorial, physicochemical, antioxidant, and structural properties of the yogurts.

Yak meat peptides can increase immune cell content, oxygen transport capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities in hypotonic hypoxic mice. Meanwhile, they can reduce oxidative stress, thus enhancing the immunity, antioxidant capacity, and hypoxia tolerance of these mice. They also upregulate hypoxia-related genes HIF and EPO. This study provides a theoretical basis for mitigating oxidative damage and advancing the development of yak-derived bioactive substances.

This study used 2022 Eurostat data to cluster 31 European countries by daily fruit and vegetable consumption and educational level. K-means clustering revealed that countries with similar education and socioeconomic status have similar dietary habits. The results highlight the strong association between lower education and low fruit and vegetable intake, emphasizing the role of education in healthy eating patterns across Europe.

This study examines the association between premenstrual syndrome (PMS), ultra-processed food (UPF) intake, and food cravings in young women. Individuals with PMS reported higher UPF consumption and significantly greater food craving scores across all menstrual phases. The findings highlight the role of dietary patterns in PMS severity and suggest that reducing UPF intake and improving diet quality may support symptom management.

Polyphenol contents of Turkish eggplant peels were extracted by different solvent systems and extraction methods. Liquid–liquid extraction was performed for anthocyanin separation. Qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic profiles were observed. Soxhlet extraction by absolute ethanol showed the highest total phenolic content and strongest antioxidant activity. Hot water bath extraction with an acidic medium yielded a high extraction of flavonoid compounds.

The liposomes were produced with 93.19% ± 0.02% encapsulation efficiency and a size of 155 ± 22.61 nm, zeta potential of −40.97 ± 13.41 mV. The bioaccessibility of galangin in Alpinia officinarum Hance extract was 23.87% ± 0.24%, and in dual-coated liposomes was 73.65% ± 1.70%. By virtue of the developed system, liposomes loaded with Alpinia officinarum Hance extract resisted gastrointestinal tract conditions and increased its bioaccessibility approximately three fold by slowing the release of the extract.

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulation worldwide.
• The present randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on PCOS patients to assess the efficacy of a novel fortified yogurt.
• First trial showing the synergetic effect of probiotics with vitamin D and vitamin E.
• The fortified yogurt as a non-invasive complementary therapy improved PCOS symptoms.

This study aims to analyze the phytochemical composition and in silico and in vitro biological activity of Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik essential oil is a natural pharmaceutical source for the first time in the literature. GC–MS Analysis showed that dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were the main compounds of the plant essential oil. The antifungal properties of plant essential oil are more effective than its antibacterial properties. Anticholinesterase activity was proved and free radical scavenging activity and Cupric ion-reducing capacity were the most promising antioxidant studies.

Our findings suggest that a higher proportion of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the diet of lactating women is associated with postpartum weight retention. This highlights the importance of implementing strategies to reduce UPF consumption during the lactation period.

Among the studied accessions, the first 15 accessions with the highest scores based on individual quantitative datasets were identified as “Panjebog-19,” “Panjebog-26,” “Rachedr-1,” “Panjebog-20,” “Panjebog-2,” “Panjebog-8,” “Panjebog-24,” “Panjebog-30,” “Panjebog-32,” “Panjebog-10,” “Panjebog-3,” “Panjebog-7,” “Panjebog-33,” “Rachedr-5,” and “Panjebog-27.”

Sea buckthorn, widely found as a wild berry in Georgia, is a rich source of natural antioxidants, traditionally used for preparing food additives like sea buckthorn oil, carotenoids, tocopherols, and phospholipids. Despite its longstanding use, this berry's physicochemical properties and potential applications remain underexplored. This study investigates the biologically active compounds in sea buckthorn berries harvested from different climatic and soil regions across Georgia.

Sonication at optimum operating conditions is an advancing green processing technology for processing and preservation of fruit juices. This treatment enhanced the juice's phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential health advantages. Cantaloupe–sugarcane blend juice sonicated for 6 min has shown higher nutritional, sensory, and phytochemical properties.

Green pea powder was added to muffins to make them a healthier snack. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the pea flour addition and other conditions. Sensory properties were maintained in the optimized formulation.

Freeze-dried mango powder retains the characteristics of fresh fruit, offering health benefits, but its quality during storage is influenced by temperature and humidity. This study developed mathematical models to describe moisture absorption, bioactive compound degradation, and antioxidant activity, helping predict the shelf life of mango powder under different storage conditions. The results showed that the Vu model best predicted moisture content, whereas other models effectively described the degradation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, aiding in quality control and shelf life estimation.

Our findings indicate a complex relationship between dietary creatine intake and systemic hydration, with both low and high intake levels are associated with changes in plasma osmolality and hydration markers, whereas moderate intake shows minimal effects. Notably, higher creatine intake is linked to reductions in total body water (TBW), intracellular fluid (ICF), and extracellular fluid (ECF) volumes. These results challenge the traditional view that creatine consistently improves hydration and underscore the need for further investigation into its role in fluid balance.

The study demonstrated remarkable antidiabetic potential of A. cepa peels extract and the synthesized silver nanoparticles as evidenced through the lowered glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in A. cepa extract and synthesized nanoparticle-treated animals. A. cepa peels as a promising competitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with high therapeutic efficiency and lower side effects.

Mussaenda arcuate fruit has high energy (332.72 kcal/100 g) and crude fat, ideal for caloric supplementation. Pteridium aquilinum fronds and Celosia trigyna leaves are rich in protein (29.89–31.76/100 g), supporting dietary protein needs. All species contain essential minerals (K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn) in bioavailable forms, with anti-nutritional factors below safe limits.

We found 66 metabolites/metabolic ratios nominally associated with hyperaldosteronism using medenlian randomization analysis. Reverse MR analysis indicated no reverse causality between hyperaldosteronism and the 1400 metabolites/metabolite ratios. Metabolomic pathway analysis revealed that two main pathways are involved in the impact of metabolites on hyperaldosteronism.

This study evaluated melatonin and arginine effects on bioactive compounds in Valencia orange peel during 6 months of cold storage. Mel (1 mM) enhanced fructose, ascorbic, citric, and chlorogenic acids, whereas Arg (10 mM) increased sucrose, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds. Both treatments preserved and enhanced bioactive compounds in orange peel.

This scoping review aims to examine the literature on the nature and extent of research conducted in school-based nutrition intervention programs in Italy and their effectiveness. Established and emerging programs and practices are reviewed to identify successful strategies in Italy. While Italian schools have implemented diverse and culturally tailored interventions, challenges persist, including variability in program implementation, limited follow-up, and underutilized theoretical frameworks. Regional distribution of school-based nutrition intervention studies in Italy (North, Central, and South).

In metabolic disease, astaxanthin reduces lactate and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation, while increasing fat oxidation, suggesting improved metabolic efficiency. In relation to exercise, astaxanthin enhances mitochondrial protection and biogenesis, boosts capillary blood flow, and improves oxygen delivery, all of which could lead to better endurance and recovery. In cancer, astaxanthin helps lower inflammation and oxidative stress, highlighting its potential role in cancer prevention or therapy support.

Nomadic nomadism has been the dominant culture in Mongolia. Dietary patterns have evolved to fit this culture and ensure the health of Mongolia populations. The study revealed significant differences in dietary nutrition, gut microbiota, and health status among geographically diverse populations in Mongolia, as well as correlations between microbial species and blood indices. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between gut microbiota, nutrition, and health among Mongolians.

Polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids are key biomacromolecules that determine the structure, function, and nutritional value of food systems. Recent advances in spectroscopic, chromatographic, and imaging techniques have significantly enhanced our ability to characterize their complex structures and dynamic behaviors. This review highlights these analytical breakthroughs and their impact on understanding food macromolecules within diverse and heterogeneous matrices.

The chronic administration of EGCG has been demonstrated to effectively mitigate the oxidative stress that is induced by chronic exposure to the harmful components in cigarette smoke, thus potentially providing a protective effect. It is essential to acknowledge that the beneficial effects of EGCG administration on the antioxidant defense system require a specific duration of time to manifest fully. The chronic application of EGCG has been shown to result in a significant increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and chronically treated with EGCG, especially at the dose of 50 mg/kg, displayed relatively healthier liver tissue morphology.

Codariocalyx gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) Hassk has been traditionally valued for its medicinal properties, yet its hypoglycemic and analgesic effects remain underexplored. This study demonstrated that the methanolic extract of Codariocalyx gyroides (MECG) exhibited dose-dependent analgesic efficacy in Swiss albino mice and significantly reduced plasma glucose levels in a Streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. In silico molecular docking identified stigmasterol and lanosterol as key bioactives, providing mechanistic insights into MECG's dual pharmacological potential, highlighting its promise for pain and diabetes management.

A hybrid CNN-ViT model was proposed to improve maize leaf disease classification by leveraging both local and global image features. The model achieved 99.15% accuracy, with precision, recall, and F1-score all at 99.13%, outperforming standalone CNN and ViT architectures. Cross-validation and testing on external datasets confirmed the model's robustness and potential for real-world agricultural deployment.

Palatability of ribeye steaks from young bulls and steers of 15 months age were comparable. Tenderness, juiciness, and beef flavor scores were similar with small-framed animals being rated the highest scores.

Xylanase was employed for the extraction of peach gum polysaccharide, resulting in the production of a low molecular weight polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 1.3 × 106 Da. Low molecular weight polysaccharides exhibit elevated antioxidant activity. EPGP demonstrates superior emulsification properties compared to AG and MG. EPGP showcases a heightened free fatty acid release rate.

Use of health-promoting lactic acid bacteria in the production of synbiotic yogurt. Lactobacillus acidophilus UCLM-104 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei UCLM-41 are promising probiotic strains due to their antioxidant, cholesterol removal, phenolic content, ACE-inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and anti-inflammatory potential.

Broccoli microgreens grown under low light intensity (100 μmol/m² s) displayed increased biomass, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic compounds. Adding far-red light under low light further increased hypocotyl height and microgreen yield. Manipulation of low light intensity and far-red light are effective to increase microgreen yield and quality while reducing the energy cost.

Leptadenia hastata leaves are rich in essential amino acids, vitamin C, β-carotene, and lycopene. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity, with strong DPPH and FRAP values correlated with phenolic content. These results support its potential as a dietary source of natural antioxidants for preventing oxidative stress-related metabolic diseases.

The review will focus on the intricate relationship between brain function and carbohydrate intake, emphasizing how different types of carbohydrates impact mental health and cognitive outcomes. We look at how carbohydrates impact brain energy metabolism, specifically how the brain utilizes glucose as the primary fuel source and how consuming too little carbohydrate affects emotional stability and cognitive functioning.

This systematic review highlights the potential activity of plant-based ingredients and phytochemicals to reduce the formation of AGEs and α-dicarbonyl compounds in bakery products. The examined studies demonstrated that various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and other polyphenols, as well as various plant extracts and by-products, can effectively reduce the levels of specific AGEs and α-dicarbonyl compounds in breads, cookies, and cakes.

This study comprehensively evaluates the statistical criteria applied in mathematical models in thin layer drying of foods. As a functional sensitive food, fish was used in different sample thicknesses with high air velocity and cold drying. It was concluded that only r, R², χ² and RMSE equations were sufficient in the evaluation of mathematical models. At the same time, it was determined that some models could be selected as common models in all experimental materials.

Cichorium intybus, a plant with a long history of medicinal applications, was extracted using three solvents: hexane, ethanol, and ethyl acetate. The extracts were analyzed using chromatographic techniques, resulting in five distinct fractions: Fractions I and II were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract, whereas Fractions III, IV, and V were derived from the ethanol extract. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of the fractions against five aggressive Gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontitis: Neisseria perflava, Eikenella corrodens, Neisseria pharyngis, Morococcus cerebrosus, and Neisseria mucosa.

This study assessed male partner involvement in child feeding and associated factors among 422 households in Hawassa City, Ethiopia. Using a community-based cross-sectional design, the study found 68.7% prevalence of good involvement, with significant associations linked to age, education, child age, knowledge, attitudes, and gender norms. Interventions targeting knowledge, attitudes, and gender norms are recommended to enhance male engagement in child feeding practices.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX), a chemotherapy agent, can impair immune responses and disrupt gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and inflammation. This study evaluated the effects of scallop peptide hydrolysate (SCH) on immune suppression and gut microbiota in BALB/c mice treated with CTX. SCH significantly restored intestinal mucosal integrity, enhanced tight-junction proteins, and improved colon and spleen histology. It increased body weight, immune organ indices, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG), while decreasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4). Additionally, SCH promoted macrophage activity, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and increased CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, restoring gut microbiota balance by enhancing beneficial bacteria. These findings suggest that SCH functions as a prebiotic and may provide therapeutic benefits for gastrointestinal disorders and immune regulation.

This study investigates the relationship between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and serum Klotho levels in adolescents, highlighting WWI as a potentially more accurate obesity indicator than traditional measures like BMI. The findings reveal a significant negative association between WWI and serum Klotho concentrations, suggesting that WWI may serve as a predictive indicator of serum Klotho levels, with implications for understanding obesity's influence on aging. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship.

Mitigation of Fungal Contamination in Vegetables: Key Factors from a Study in Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.

The study explores the use of integrated hydrolysis in the biorefinery approach to analyze the phytochemical profile and anti-bacterial activity of red delicious apple pomace and its applications in biorefinery.

Vinegar addition lowered pH and cooking loss, while the Cp group had the highest moisture and WHC. SEM images revealed that marination with vinegar led to extensive degradation of connective tissues. Meat marinated with pineapple and strawberry vinegar showed significantly lower hardness, WBSF, and WBSE. These results were further supported by sensory analysis, as texture scores aligned with the TPA and SEM findings. Marination with vinegars caused a significant reduction in microbial counts.

Using network pharmacology, bioinformatics, machine learning, and molecular docking, we identified mechanisms and core six key targets (MAPK1, IL1B, RELA, HIF1A, SRC, and PTEN) in RSV-AS-Ferroptosis. Experimental validation was performed using ApoE^−/− mouse fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish AS model. RSV treatment reduced aortic lipid plaques, reduced serum GSH, SOD, MDA and iron levels, and significantly downregulated MAPK1 expression in aortic root, which providing a new theoretical framework for AS prevention and treatment.

Treated pistachio retained phenolics and total antioxidant capacity. The guar gum-PBEO coating had the best antifungal effects on Penicillium and Aspergillus growth. The guar gum, along with PBEO, elevates the storage period of fresh pistachio up to 60 days.

WGT can significantly alleviate HFD-induced liver steatosis, regulate intestinal microbial disorders, and serve as a dietary supplement to tackle obesity in mice.

Neurotoxicity of Hcy. (A figure that best represents the scope of the paper.) Homocysteine can reduce the tightness of endothelial cell connections, increase vascular permeability, and damage the blood–brain barrier. Homocysteine activates various glutamate receptors on the surfaces of neurons and glial cells, triggering excitotoxicity, promoting the production of ROS, disrupting the antioxidant system, and leading to DNA damage and cell apoptosis.

AM fungal inoculation boosted sugarcane biomass and improved rhizosphere soil nutrient levels. RNA-seq and WGCNA revealed gene modules linked to nutrient uptake and growth, differentiating above- and belowground responses. Hub genes (CESA9, ANR, CYCP4, LHA1, SUS4, RPS15AE, CNGC2) were identified as key regulators of sugarcane growth and nutrient cycling.

Plantago asiatica has been utilized as a dietary supplement in health foods and for medicinal purposes, enjoying a long-standing acceptance throughout history. This study will provide new insights into the relationship between the antagonistic activity against galectin-1 of P.asiatica polysaccharides and their applications in the fields of food and medicine.

Cardiovascular diseases are a major global health concern, and avocados, rich in monounsaturated fats and bioactive compounds, may help improve heart health by influencing lipid profiles and other risk factors. However, existing studies on avocado consumption and cardiovascular benefits show inconsistent results and no comprehensive meta-analysis has been conducted. This study aims to systematically review and analyze current research to provide a quantitative assessment of avocados' effects on cardiovascular risk factors in adults.

Physically active individuals (PAI) have low nutritional knowledge. PAI also showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Nutritional knowledge is related to adherence to Mediterranean diet among PAI.

We proposed effective sodium-reduction strategies by analyzing the mechanisms of sensory interactions between sodium chloride and flavor stimuli at peripheral and central nervous system levels. The results indicate that top-down regulation by higher neural centers (e.g., insular and orbitofrontal cortex) plays a key role in enhancing saltiness perception.

Capsaicinoid glucoside (CG), reduces triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) accumulation in OA-treated HepG2 cells. CG alleviates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing lipid oxidation. CG activates the TRPV1/AMPK pathway, while downregulating the expression of lipogenic genes SREBP-1C and FAS. Molecular docking indicates that CG forms stable complexes with TRPV1 and AMPK, suggesting their involvement in lipid regulation.

This study investigated the effects of incorporating 5%–20% quinoa flour into lavash bread. The addition of quinoa improved dough rheology, enhanced protein, fiber, and mineral content, and maintained sensory acceptability. Lavash enriched with 15%–20% quinoa flour showed optimal nutritional and functional qualities.

This study evaluated the incorporation of date seed bioactive compounds (DSBCs) into cottage cheese (CC) as a functional ingredient and natural preservative. Enrichment with DSBCs enhanced the cheese's antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, extended shelf life during 14-day storage, and improved bioaccessibility of bioactives post-digestion. Findings highlight DSBCs as promising functional additives for improving the nutritional quality and stability of dairy products.

The potential causal relationships between six diabetic complications and four circulating vitamins in diabetics were explored through two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses.

The objective of this review was to comprehensively discover the pharmacological, industrial, and nutritional solicitations of passion fruit and mangosteen, the importance of their functional foods, and their therapeutic potential. This study investigated their pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, by analyzing their dense phytochemical content, which consists of polyphenols, carotenoids, tannins, xanthones, and anthocyanins.

Potatoes are susceptible to skin damage during harvest and transportation, which impacts storage capabilities, increases the risk of microbial contamination and decay, and diminishes both quality and food safety. Rapid detection of potato peel damage is crucial for the subsequent automatic sorting process. To address this, this paper introduces an enhanced YOLOv11n target detection algorithm for identifying damaged potatoes.

Knowledge-Practice Gap in Food Packaging Label Use Among University Students in Bangladesh.

This study investigates the incorporation of watermelon by-product powders (peel, rind, and seed) into fresh pasta to enhance its functional properties. The results indicate that these by-products significantly improve the nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, and texture of the pasta, offering a sustainable approach to food waste utilization. This research underscores the potential of watermelon by-products as valuable, functional ingredients in the fortification of pasta, contributing to both enhanced product quality and sustainability.

High protein diet reduced visceral adipose tissue through MTA-TST-Bak/Casp-3 axis, suggesting that MTA has the potential to be developed as a functional substance for obesity prevention and control.

The current study aimed to measure Kaempferol between microwaved broccoli (MB) samples using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, their potential hypo-lipid properties between hyper-lipid rats were investigated. Kaempferol in microwaved broccoli demonstrated potential in modulating levels of BG, lipids, kidney and liver functions between hyper-lipid models thus incorporating microwaved broccoli at 2-5 min influenced the antioxidant levels providing a valuable adjunct as traditional lowering lipid therapy.

Lycopene has the potential to improve lipid profiles and boost antioxidant enzyme activity, thus demonstrating its therapeutic potential in the management of obesity.

A prospective cohort questionnaire-based study was conducted online on a group of 280 Polish medical students under exam stress to assess the association between their fermented food consumption and sleep quality. The association was found to be V-shaped. Both raw and adjusted analyses showed that students whose fermented food consumption was found in the second tercile had lower mean PSQI scores, which indicated higher sleep quality, than students in the first and third terciles.

Findings indicated no significant differences in cases of body weight (BW), body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) after administering Cornus mas L. A modest but significant increase in body mass index (BMI) was observed. According to sub-group analyses, BW, BMI, BF%, FM, WC, and HC were significantly increased in MAPLD patients, > 50 sample size, with lyophilized dried and CM fruit extract forms, < 12 weeks' intervention duration, and ≥ 30 g doses.

This study evaluates the hepatoprotective potential of Carduus marianus aqueous extract in male Wistar rats subjected to paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Paracetamol metabolism via hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes generates NAPQI, triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular disturbances, culminating in hepatic necrosis. Pre-treatment with C. marianus for 21 days mitigated these effects by inhibiting NAPQI-induced pathways, as evidenced by reduced oxidative and inflammatory markers and preserved hepatic histoarchitecture. These findings suggest C. marianus as a promising natural agent against drug-induced liver injury.

Fat body (FB) acts as a major metabolic center important for the regulation of a variety of physiological processes such as embryogenesis, reproduction, flight, overwintering, protection, and communication. Lipid amounts and fatty acid (FA) composition vary with species, stage of life, and their diet.

The effect of marination on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in charcoal-grilled vegetables was studied. A substantial decrease in PAH4 formation was observed in marinated vegetables. These findings offer valuable insights for reducing PAH levels in grilled vegetables and preventing their formation.

This study highlights the pharmacological mechanisms of dichloromethane (CHD) and methanol (CHM) extracts of Centaurea lycaonica Boiss. & Heldr. herba as the induction of apoptosis on HeLa cells. Apoptotic properties of CHD and CHM are through suppression of Bcl-2 and increase in Bax, caspase 9, and 3 activities on HeLa cells. The dichloromethane extract increases the cytotoxic activity of HeLa cells. The major compounds in active CHD extract were detected as diosmetin.

PH-CC regulates dysbiosis in intestinal flora and metabolic disorders in UC mice by reducing the abundance of specific bacterial groups, thereby alleviating inflammatory damage to the colonic mucosa and improving the overall condition of UC.

The TaDES1 gene family in wheat consists of 18 genes across 13 chromosomes, categorized into four subfamilies. Evolutionary analysis shows segmental duplication as a key driver of family expansion, with strong purifying selection. TaDES1 members play critical roles in stress response, phytohormone regulation, and plant growth and development, supported by promoter cis-elements, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, transcriptomic data, RT-qPCR, and co-expression network studies. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and variation analysis further highlight their potential utility for wheat breeding.

The acrylamide level in various Iranian biscuits was measured using the MSPE (graphene (G) modified with magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and sol–gel hybrid tetraethoxysilane methyltrimethoxysilane (TEOS-MTMOS))-GC/MS method.

Lanmaoa asiatica possesses notable nutritional and pharmacological value, yet its potential to cause neuropsychiatric symptoms remains unclear. This study represents the first application of UPLC-MS/MS non-targeted metabolomics technology to systematically analyze the plasma metabolic profiles of patients with Lanmaoa asiatica poisoning, particularly involving mitochondrial dysfunction and morphine addiction pathways. Key metabolites such as 5-methoxytryptophan and adenosine derivatives may be identified as potential biomarkers. However, the small sample size and limitations of untargeted metabolomics may affect the generalizability and interpretation of the results.

This study performs a bibliometric analysis of the 200 most-cited articles on quercetin, identifying key research hotspots, topics, leading institutions, and countries, while emphasizing the global and interdisciplinary nature of quercetin research. It also reveals current research trends and challenges in the field, providing a thorough overview of its complexities. Finally, the analysis offers insights into research trends and gaps, guiding the direction of future studies in this crucial area.

This study describes the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on glucose. Samples were treated for up to 16 min using an argon-driven plasma device, revealing chemical modifications such as oxidation processes and ring openings on glucose. The results show that reactive plasma species led to the formation of carbonyl groups and possibly to carbon-nitrogen and carbon–carbon double bonds.

Non-pharmacological therapies, including dietary interventions, fatty acids, and vitamin supplementation, as well as physical modifications, are gaining recognition as complementary approaches in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D play a significant role in modulating inflammatory pathways and reducing the production of inflammatory mediators, thereby exerting a positive influence on the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The meta-analysis integrated findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and examined the impact of fatty acid and vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This meta-analysis shows that fatty acids and vitamin D can reduce pain, improve quality of life, and reduce arthritic symptoms. Fatty acids enhance inflammation outcomes such joint soreness and edema and increase patient function. Outcome measures showed moderate vitamin D supplementation effectiveness.

Flavored black tea, volatile compounds, antioxidant activity, caffeine content, and enzyme inhibition

Fermentation time influenced the pH, metabolite profiles, and microbial counts of pearl millet-based injera sourdough. This process facilitates the degradation of antinutrients, specifically phytate and α-galactosides (raffinose). Notably, phytate degradation was higher in pearl millet sourdough compared to other recipes, which has direct implications for the bioavailability of minerals, protein, and starch. Additionally, fermentation changes the monosaccharide, disaccharide, and organic acid profiles during fermentation.

This hospital-based cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and serum vitamin D concentration among pregnant women in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The majority of the participants demonstrated good knowledge, negative attitudes, inconsistent practices, and a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Findings highlight the need for policies and culturally acceptable strategies to address vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy.

In this study, hyperlipidemia was experimentally induced in BALB/C mice through a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet, followed by administration of a probiotic (Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC 393), a prebiotic (d-tagatose), and their synbiotic combination. The synbiotic treatment significantly reduced serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL levels without impairing liver function, while also alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Moreover, it selectively modulated the gut microbiota by enriching beneficial genera such as Coprococcus, Parabacteroides, and Bacteroides, indicating its potential as a biotherapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia.

• PSA was a safe and effective anti-inflammatory extract.
• PLE treatment alleviated LPS-induced enteritis symptoms in mice.
• PLE significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the small intestine through the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Fucoxanthin can ameliorate CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Fucoxanthin can mitigate hepatic oxidative stress and ferroptosis in mice. Modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway by fucoxanthin may contribute to the protective effect.

Resveratrol protects against NAFLD and HCC by modulating apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Resveratrol activates key signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and SIRT1 to promote autophagy and reduce pro-apoptotic and inflammatory responses. In advanced HCC, resveratrol's anti-apoptotic effects may support tumor growth, emphasizing the need to tailor its use to disease stage and context.

ALA improved survival and alleviated liver damage in septic mice. ALA exerted anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammation effects in mice with sepsis. ALA inhibited apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway.

This study aimed to develop a multiplex real-time PCR method for the qualitative detection of pork, chicken, and duck adulteration in mutton products. The method exhibited high specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity through method validation. To evaluate its applicability, we analyzed 35 commercial processed meat products, and the results confirmed the assay's robustness and reliability for meat authenticity testing.

This research was done with the aim of encapsulating olive leaf polyphenol in electrospun nano fibers of almond gum/gelatin. For this purpose, after extraction, polyphenol was loaded in different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) in almond gum/gelatin electrospun nanofibers. This research showed that electrospun nanofibers of sweet almond gum and gelatin loaded with olive leaf polyphenol can be used in food and medicine.

This study demonstrates that higher DI-GM scores are associated with a lower risk of frailty, with BMI partially mediating this relationship.

This Mendelian randomization study found genetically elevated blood sitosterol levels modestly increased Frailty Index risk (OR = 1.035, p = 0.008), with non-HDL-C and ApoB mediating ~50% of this effect. No association was observed with Fried Frailty Score, suggesting specificity to cardiometabolic deficits captured by the Frailty Index. Results imply phytosterols may influence frailty through lipid pathways, warranting caution in their therapeutic use for aging populations.

This study explores the incorporation of ALP, a food waste by-product, into gluten-free extrudate (GFE) formulations and evaluates its effects on nutritional, textural, and sensory properties. ALP enrichment significantly enhanced protein, fiber, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity while reducing glycemic index. The GFE10 sample showed the highest overall sensory acceptance, highlighting ALP's potential as a functional ingredient in gluten-free food development.

This study evaluated an Aloe ferox-based edible coating enriched with encapsulated raspberry pomace powder (ERPP) to preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of ready-to-eat pomegranate arils during cold storage. The AF + 0.3% ERPP treatment was most effective in reducing weight loss and respiration rate while maintaining texture, TSS, and TPC, demonstrating its potential for commercial application as a natural preservation solution.

In this study, blackberry genotypes naturally grown in Tunceli were examined, and those with superior characteristics were identified. The results showed significant differences among the genotypes in terms of fruit weight, length, width, color values, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, organic acids, and individual phenolic compounds. While the G9 genotype had the largest fruits, the G6 genotype stood out with its high phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content. The G2 genotype was distinguished by its high color values and acidity content. The levels of phenolic compounds in different blackberry genotypes show great variation; for example, G1, G2, and G6 genotypes have high levels of phenolic compounds, while G4 and G5 genotypes have low levels. In particular, G2 and G1 are rich in hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid, while some genotypes such as G4 and G5 have low levels of phenolic compounds. The G7 genotype has the highest oxalic acid level, while G8 has the lowest level. In terms of other acids, G1 is the richest genotype in malic acid, G6 has the highest value in ascorbic acid, and citric acid is at the lowest level in G6. As a result of the study, the G9 genotype had the largest fruits, while the G6 genotype stood out with its high phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content; also, G2 attracted attention with its high color values and acidity content, and G1 with its richness in malic acid.

Lemon peel phenolic extract with antihypertensive and antidiabetic bioactivity was encapsulated with WPC and maltodextrin by foam mat drying. Foam mat drying can be preferred as a practical method with low equipment and energy cost and short processing time. The wall materials also contributed to the measured bioactivities besides the lemon peel extract.

This study optimized ethanol extraction conditions for dried apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) using response surface methodology (RSM), achieving optimal yields at 60°C, 34 W, 46 min, and a 4 g/mL solid–liquid ratio. The extract showed high phenolic (4.20 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (7.09 mg QE/g) content, strong antioxidant capacity, and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HCT116 colon cancer cells.

• Yeast fermentation enhances cassava flour's nutrition, increasing protein from 0.89 ± 0.08 to 3.86 ± 0.12 g/100 g, reducing hydrocyanic acid from 32.64 ± 0.67 to 7.40 ± 0.22 mg/kg, and boosting flavor compounds.
• It modifies physicochemical properties: smaller particle size, lower paste viscosity, more ordered crystal structure, and improved processing stability.
• Bread with 20% fermented cassava flour has better texture, higher sensory scores, and is close to wheat bread.

Recently, a synergistic approach has emerged in clinical settings to sensitize cancer cells towards TRAIL treatment by combining it with some natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds for providing chemo-sensitizing effects. Hence, this study has used the chemo-sensitizing effect of chrysoeriol for the very first time to sensitize renal carcinoma cell lines for treatment with TRAIL by a synergistic treatment approach, in vitro.

Curcuminoid and piperine co-supplementation significantly reduced AST levels but showed no significant effect on ALT or ALP. It also led to a significant decrease in IL-6, with no significant changes in CRP or TNF-α levels.

This study proposes a deep learning-based approach for leaf disease identification using the U-Net architecture for precise segmentation. By training on a dataset of 7056 annotated leaf images, the model effectively distinguishes between healthy and diseased regions, achieving 99.70% training accuracy and 98.99% validation accuracy in 40 epochs. The results demonstrate the model's robustness and potential for real-world precision agriculture applications.

Our results revealed the effects of diet plans created by AI in weight management. As technology improves, further research into the application of AI in nutritional therapy is warranted. The graphical abstract is created by the authors via BioRender (https://www.biorender.com/).

This study evaluated fruit juice processing wastes (apricot, peach, apple, and grape pomace) as prebiotic sources in probiotic yogurt. The addition of these pomaces led to significant increases (p < 0.05) in short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, propionate), benefiting gut microbiota. Monosaccharide analysis identified glucose as the primary sugar. Microbiological analysis showed stable probiotic bacteria counts, with Lactobacillus acidophilus utilizing peach and apricot pomace effectively. Sensory evaluation favored 1% apple, apricot, and peach pomace. The findings support fruit pomace as a functional food ingredient.

The study evaluated nutritional and functional properties of corn flour-egg powder composite to create a nutrient-dense meal for children. The composite had enhanced protein (18.09%) and carbohydrates (61.99%), with improved iron, zinc, magnesium, vitamin A, and folate levels. Functional properties showed good viscosity (168 RVU) and stability (12-month shelf life). Sensory evaluation favored the 100:20 egg powder-to-corn flour ratio for taste and acceptability. These findings highlight its potential as a fortified intervention food to improve children's nutrition and hemoglobin levels.

Emulsions prepared by OPO (long-chain fatty acids) exhibited the largest average particle size and greater stability compared to those with medium-chain fat (coconut oil) and ultra-long-chain fat (DHA algae oil). When whey protein and casein were added in a 6:4 ratio, the effect of fatty acid carbon chain length on the average particle and the emulsification characteristics of the lipid droplet interface were significantly reduced. Emulsions composed of fat globules with a core of short-chain fatty acids or low surface protein content had higher lipolysis rates.

Dairy consumption, particularly goat fortified vitamin D and calcium low-fat milk, could improve muscle mass and reduce fat weight in sarcopenic mice. Dairy consumption has the potential to improve muscle mass and prevent sarcopenia by modulating autophagy, reducing inflammation, and regulating gut microbiota. The interaction between dairy intake, gut microbiota, and circulating metabolites indicates a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of dairy in preventing sarcopenia.

• Combination treatment with MG132 and propolin G, a c-prenylflavanone from Taiwanese propolis, synergistically suppressed proteasome activity, leading to proteotoxic stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer.
• This combination treatment triggers apoptosis by activating the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway.
• Autophagy-mediated cell death is a key mechanism contributing to apoptosis induction by this combination treatment.

Superfine longan powder (particle size < 20 μm) rich in polysaccharides was acquired. Superfine grinding raised specific surface areas and generated better solubility. Large, uneven particles with visible edges changed to irregular and uniform granules.

This study investigated gum Arabic's impact as a coating on Thymus schimperi essential oil microcapsules using spray and freeze-drying. The research examined various physicochemical properties, including water content, density, and solubility. Spray drying yielded higher encapsulation efficiency (71.05%) than freeze drying (68.89%) and better solubility. Spray-dried microcapsules were also more spherical, demonstrating significant differences in properties compared to freeze-dried ones.

This review highlights the molecular mechanism by which lycopene imparts its anticancerous role, focusing on clinical and animal trials to validate its effectiveness. The antioxidant profile of lycopene promotes anticancerous properties that reduce cancer prevalence by activating cell signaling pathways and gene expression (involved in cancer cell proliferation). Lycopene's anti-inflammatory properties suppresses the tumor growth and development-promoting pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The anticancer property of lycopene is also evidenced by its inhibitory potential of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that is involved in cancer cell modulation and propagation.

Mylife/Mylife100, a Thai a dietary supplement, composed of five types of edible plants (Sesamum indicum L., Psidium guajava L., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Glycine max (L.) Merr., and Garcinia mangostana L.) was evaluated for their anti-cancer effect on drug resistant breast cancer cells with HER2 overexpression (SK-BR-3 cell line). The supplement showed cytotoxic activity against SK-BR-3 cells growth in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicated that Mylife/Mylife100 supplement suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis via activation of the intrinsic pathway and regulation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways against SK-BR-3 cells.

Nutrient-focused dietary strategies can enhance BAT function and activity, thereby contributing to the modulation of metabolic disorders and the optimization of metabolic health.

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds inhibit cancer progression, including the induction of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of mitotic kinase and angiogenesis, and suppression of topoisomerase activity. By providing the latest insights on these anti-tumor agents and their pharmacological actions, our review aims to contribute valuable information to the field of cancer research and support the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Edible weeds from Bangladesh have been evaluated and found to contain significant amounts of nutrients, bioactive phytochemicals, and antioxidants, supporting their potential as valuable alternative sources of functional foods. However, some species exhibit elevated levels of trace metals, posing health risks. Overall, these weeds offer valuable nutraceutical prospects but require safety assessments to ensure contaminated element levels are within permissible limits for safe consumption.

The active substances and medicinal effects of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum were reviewed.

Lut may serve as a potential antioxidant molecule in promoting cell survival by mitigating oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by Acr.

This study characterized the protein structure and amino acid content changes in jujube during the blackening process, which is likely linked to the Maillard reaction. The reaction caused protein covalent bond disruption, aggregation, and significant structural changes after 6 h, with blackened jujube showing higher levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase and hydrophobic amino acids. Essential amino acids, particularly valine (68.69%), and non-essential amino acids, especially cysteine (13.38%), were found to be the most abundant after the blackening, providing insights into the Maillard reaction's impact on jujube proteins and amino acids.