Sodium and potassium changes during decongestion with acetazolamide. CI, confidence interval; hypoK, hypokalaemia; hypoNa, hyponatraemia.

The mechanism of blunted diuretic response in acute heart failure. AHF, acute heart failure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Schematic representation of main findings of DAPA MODA: administration of dapagliflozin over 6 months in stable patients, with chronic heart failure and optimized therapy, was associated with cardiac reverse remodelling, including reductions in left atrial volume, left ventricular mass and dimensions, and NT-proBNP levels. LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVI, left ventricular indexed; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SGLT2i, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor.

Effects of dapagliflozin on heart failure hospitalizations by complexity. CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; ICU, intensive care unit; IV, intravenous; MCS, mechanical circulatory support.

Liver parameters and outcomes in heart failure. CI, confidence interval; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HR, hazard ratio; ULN, upper limit of normal.

In this analysis of patient-level data from the DELIVER trial, dapagliflozin added to usual care, versus usual care alone, was very likely cost-effective for the treatment of heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction for UK, German and Spanish payers. HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.

Design and results of the BioPREDICT study of the incremental predictive value of an array of biomarkers added to the PREDICT-HF prognostic model. CV, cardiovascular; EF, ejection fraction; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor-15; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; hs, high-sensitivity; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; MMP2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ST2, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio.

Proportion and outcomes of patients eligible for vericiguat according to trial, guideline, and label criteria in patients with chronic HFrEF. ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CV, cardiovascular; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDMT, guideline-directed medical therapy; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure. Criteria labelled with a dagger were considered in the guideline and label scenarios.

Time to benefit of heart rate reduction with ivabradine in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: summary of the key findings.