Highlights

• Diabetes often causes peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is the main cause of foot gangrene and amputation.
• Angiogenesis in ischemic tissue is an ideal therapeutic approach to treat PAD.
• Low molecular weight fucoidan significantly promotes angiogenesis by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in ischemic muscles of db/db mice and protects against pathological injury.

Highlights

• In middle-aged type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with proliferative retinopathy at baseline, executive function performance showed a moderate decline over 3.5 years.
• This was mirrored by loss of frontal and parietal cortical structure.
• Both changes were related to worse glycemic control during follow-up.

Highlights

• In a cross-sectional study of middle-aged and elderly Chinese, short sleep duration was a modifiable lifestyle factor associated with a higher risk of prediabetes.
• Aging and hypertension may be important in the relationship between short sleep duration and impaired glucose metabolism.

Highlights

• Previous findings regarding the relationship between interleukin-2 receptor antagonists (IL-2Ra) and new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) are controversial.
• This study reveals that the use of IL-2Ra protects against the development of NODAT in renal transplant recipients.

Highlights

• Viruses may induce both insulin resistance and insulin secretory defects in diabetes.
• An association between human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection and ketosis-prone diabetes has been suggested previously. In the present study, HHV8 DNA positivity was associated with low insulin secretion.
• In addition, HHV8 DNA positivity was associated with an atherogenic profile and a lower body mass index.

Highlights

• The present study is the first to observe dynamic changes in human plasma bile acid (BA) profiles during a two-step hyperglycemic clamp experiment in human subjects.
• Plasma bile acids levels dynamically changed throughout the two-step hyperglycemic clamp.
• There were decreases in indices of microbiota-related BA composition (e.g. ursodeoxycholic acid/lithocholic acid and unconjugated/conjugated BA ratios) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus those with normal glucose tolerance, and these were positively correlated with insulin secretion, particularly with the first phase of insulin secretion.

Highlights

• Whether neuroinflammatory modulators, such as cytokines, toll-like receptors (TLR), growth factors, and cannabinoid receptors, change differentially in type 2 diabetic primates is unknown.
• We found that mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), TLR1, and TLR2 were upregulated in the spinal cord of diabetic monkeys, and positively correlated with plasma glucose levels.
• This study indicates that several ligands and receptors involved in neuroinflammation are simultaneously dysregulated in diabetic primates.

Highlights

• Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, this study found that the prevalence of periodontitis among US adults was consistently significantly higher for patients with DM than without DM, regardless of gender, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
• The findings indicate that more cost-effective strategies should be used in patients with DM to prevent, reduce or alleviate periodontal disease.

Highlights

• Skin autofluorescence (SAF) assesses subcutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end products and has been shown to predict future cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
• A higher number of pregnancies was significantly associated with higher SAF, even after correction for relevant confounders like waist circumference, creatinine clearance, and diabetes status, but not after correction for age.
• Women with the highest SAF Z-score had a more unfavorable risk factor profile, with higher body mass index and waist circumference, higher blood pressure, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher triglyceride levels.