This review highlights the challenges and available interventions for achieving pregnancy using the patient's own oocytes in POI cases. Serum AMH levels, measured using picoAMH enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, may be useful to predict follicle growth of the patients with POI.

Pregnancy outcomes according to age after single euploid blastocyst transfer in women who underwent the Optimization of Thyroid function, Thrombophilia, Immunity and Uterine Milieu (OPTIMUM) treatment strategy or did those who did not (control) are shown. Among women aged 40 years in the OPTIMUM group had significantly higher clinical pregnancy rates than those in the control group. Women aged 41 years in the OPTIMUM group had also relatively higher clinical pregnancy rate, compared to those in the control; however, no significant differences were noted among women aged ≥42 years.

This paper discusses the effectiveness of ERA testing based on ERA results and clinical outcomes. A retrospective study with the largest number of patients has been conducted and is expected to provide useful findings.

An updated summary of the current evidence concerning SDF measurement in clinical practice and its impact on clinical decision-making. In addition, we aim to explore the pathophysiological aspects of SDF, including its underlying causes, repair mechanisms, and strategies for managing high SDF.

iNOS and p-eNOS, Ca²⁺ independent NOS, are upregulated by E₂ in the blastocysts during implantation activation. Furthermore, p-eNOS is upregulated in implantation-induced blastocysts downstream of p-Akt.

Here is reported, for the first time, the temporal expression and localization of RSPH6A protein during the first wave of rat spermatogenesis. Its expression starts at 21 PND alongside the appearance of ISPC and increases up to 60 PND. The expression and localization of RSPH6A in the testis and epididymal spermatozoa of adult rats treated with cadmium were impaired. Melatonin, given together with Cd, can counteract its damaging effects.

The voluntary lockdown in Japan decreased the number of ART treatment cycles by −24.1% during May 2020. A considerable decrease was observed for frozen cycles and older women.

A retrospective cohort study of 276 infertile women undergoing IVF with poor response according to the Bologna criteria revealed embryo banking reduces the cumulative live birth rate and lengthens the time to live birth.

Cooperative interactions among oocytes, FSH, and estrogen are critical for determining the fate of cumulus and mural granulosa cells, as well as for the development of oocytes.

An 8-day waiting interval after the first ovarian stimulation and at least five oocyte retrieval led to good results of dual stimulation for cancer patients with good ovarian response.

There are no approved drugs or devices for the treatment of intravaginal ejaculation disorders, and treatment is often difficult. The A10 Cyclone SA + PLUS® masturbation aid is a motorized, free-standing device that allows the user to adjust the intensity of stimulation, movement, and lumen size. In the present study, this aids have shown good results in the treatment of intravaginal ejaculation disorders, for which no effective treatment exists.

The chronic inflammation that occurs in cesarean scar defect spreads into the uterine cavity and reduces fertility. Such secondary infertility has been termed cesarean scar disorder. This condition can be cured by endoscopic surgery.

Since transferrin and transferrin receptor is contained in follicular fluid and granulosa/cumulus cells of middle-sized antral follicle, we investigated the effect of TF-Fe3+ on pre-IVM during the cultivation of porcine COCs. As the results, the supplementation of TF-Fe3+ during pre-IVM before IVM dramatically improved developmental competence of oocytes.

In mouse blastocysts, ionotropic GABA_A receptors can be formed from α5, β3, and γ3 (or δ, π) subunits, GABA_A-ρ receptors can be formed from ρ2 subunits, and metabotropic GABA receptors can be formed from GABA_B1b and GABA_B2 subunits. Activation of these receptors can negatively affect preimplantation embryos.

Endometrial curettage for antibiotic-resistant chronic endometritis (CE) significantly decreased the number of CD138-positive cells, resulting in improved pregnancy outcomes regardless of the remaining CE. Endometrial curettage is also important as a screening for endometrial malignancy.

The administration of estrogen after adhesiolysis does not influence the chance of SRA and the reproductive outcome of women treated for AS and is therefore questionable.

When a testis-expressed gene TSNAXIP1 was disrupted, TSNAXIP1 null male showed sub-fertility and oligospermia. TSNAXIP1 could be essential for the sperm head formation and male fertility, because malformation of sperm head and abnormal connection between sperm head and tail were detected by the lack of TSNAXIP1. Since TSNAXIP1 is highly conserved between mouse and human, TSNAXIP1 might be a causative gene of human infertility.

This study reveals a role of Prominin-1 (PROM1) in spermatogenesis. Prominin-1 is a stem cell marker that promotes cell proliferation, migration, and inhibition of apoptosis. PROM1 KO mice showed testicular atrophy and abnormal sperm flagella. Prominin-1 deletion may cause impaired spermatogenesis and flagellum formation.

The human hypothalamic–pituitary-gonadal axis involves six G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands. Genetic abnormalities of the six GPCRs lead to pubertal disorders.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the causes of male infertility and is a disease that requires treatment. Basic research on ED treatment has progressed rapidly over the past 20 years. In particular, research on the mechanism of ED has been accelerated by the publication of a study on the evaluation of erectile function using intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurements in rats. In addition, molecular biological experimental methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting have become relatively easy to perform due to technological progress, thus advancing research development.

Our study showed the excellent efficacy and safety profile of early medical abortion performed with a combined regimen of mifepristone and misoprostol. Medical abortion is expected to be a new available option in abortion care for individuals seeking induced abortion as an alternative to traditional surgical abortion in Japan.

Immune abnormalities play a major role in the pathogenesis of RPL by impairing maternal-fetal immune tolerance. The use of nanolipid carriers (NLCs) can improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs, meanwhile decreasing side effects. Co-delivery of SRL and CsA by NLCs can be effectively modified maternal immune responses in RPL patients.

The depth and the apical angle of fundal indentation of uterine cavity are different in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Here, we conducted an optimal sequence kernel association test (SKAT-O), an exome-based rare variant association study, to clarify whether rare variants in specific genes play an important role in the development of PCOS. The results indicate that there are no genes whose rare variants account for a large fraction of the etiology of PCOS, although rare damaging variants in GSTO2 may constitute a risk factor in some cases.

Among three-group comparison (non-ART, FreET, and FET), the FET group is larger in height, weight, and BMI at birth, at 1.5 years of age, the FET group is larger in both weight and BMI. At 3 years of age, the FET group has a higher BMI. FreET children were slightly, yet significantly, taller than at 6 years of age.

We investigated the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and reproductive function among 180 men who consulted for fertility issues. Correlations between the 2D:4D ratios and male reproductive function were mostly weak or insignificant.

During oocyte maturation, maternal organelles are drastically reorganized and specialized to support oocyte characteristics, whereas large amounts of maternal components are actively degraded after fertilization and gradually replaced by zygotic gene products. The significance of cellular surface protein degradation via endocytosis for embryonic development, and involvement of biogenesis of lipid droplets in embryonic quality, were recently reported using mammalian model organisms. Identifying key oocyte component characteristics and understanding their dynamics may lead to new applications in oocyte/embryo quality prediction and improvement.

Intrauterine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) infusion promotes tissue repair with transient inflammatory response, cell growth and migration, and antibiotic effect in undifferentiated human endometrial stromal cells, whereas cell proliferation and the inflammatory immune response are attenuated during decidualization of the endometrium. Depending on the menstrual cycle phases, PRP can regulate the reprogramming of inflammation and cell proliferation in an appropriate manner to support embryo implantation.

CSTIV typed cervical vaginal microbiota can potentially contribute to pregnancy failure, therefore, serving as a risk factor in women undergoing frozen thawed embryo transferFET). Assessing the health of the cervicoaginal microbiota before performing FET and giving appropriate treatment to avoid the CSTIV microbiota might improve pregnancy outcomes.

This is the first study to create an individualized dosing algorithm for gonadotropins in Japanese patients.

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020, the overall number of ART cycles and neonates born demonstrated only a slight decrease in 2020 compared with 2019.