The systemic transmission of information from the environment, which is crucial to plant growth and resilience, involves interconnected waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca²⁺) signals that transmit information from the point of origin throughout the plant to regulate growth, development and defence. This review considers the mechanisms and proteins that co-ordinate ROS and Ca²⁺ signalling processes to allow both synchronous and independent signalling in different cellular compartments. We consider the putative molecular switches that connect these the signalling pathways.

We propose to add some aspects that are of great complementary importance to broaden the kin recognition, discrimination and selection framework in plants and that need to be considered in future studies.

This work indicates that environmental conditions impact the ability of Zea mays to detect volatile compounds and prime defense responses, lending support to the idea that plant stomata are involved in volatile uptake and perception.

Legacy of severe drought enhanced salinity tolerance in Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora stylosa through coordinated adjustments in leaf turgor loss points and cell wall elasticity. Nevertheless, declining turgor safety margins may increase the vulnerability of mangroves to drought.

Soil drying leads to a strong reduction of root conductance in shallow soil layers, which maize partly compensates by facilitating deep water uptake via local increases in root conductivity.

We previously reported that pepper SnRK2 type kinase CaSnRK2.6 functions as a positive modulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and drought response. Building on this in the present study, we identified the homeodomain-leucine zipper class II protein CaHAT1 as a substrate of CaSnRK2.6, which plays a positive role in the regulation of drought stress response via ABA-mediated signalling.

Sugars are regarded as integrators of environmental and endogenous signals. However, the relationship between abscisic acid (ABA) and sugars in the process of geophyte dormancy release is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that glucose plays a positive role in CDR in Gladiolus by decreasing endogenous ABA. We propose a GhbZIP30-GhCCCH17 module that mediates the antagonism between sugars and ABA during CDR by regulating ABA metabolic genes.

Endodormancy (ED) duration of potato tuber correlates better with soluble sugars accumulation (sugar units) than chilling units. Chilling induces sugar units and ABA accumulation, resulting in antagonistic signals for symplastic connection of the dormant bud, determining ED duration.

We found that an Arabidopsis SR protein represses ABA-induced gene expression to modulate seed traits and germination. Our results uncover a new player in ABA-mediated control of early plant development and stress responses.

Prolonged chilling of soybean increased foliar ethylene evolution, abscisic acid concentrations and stomatal conductance resulting in extremely low leaf water contents. Applying the ethylene antagonist 1-MCP partially reversed this maladaptive stomatal response.

Coordination between leaf width and leaf anatomy underpins stomatal conductance variation in Sorghum bicolor lines grown under different temperatures.

Salt upregulated several PIP transcripts in the halophythic grass Puccinellia nuttalliana and enhanced the rate of water and sodium transport in yeast expressing PnuPIP2;2. Transport properties of PnuPIP2;2 may be affected by its unique pore characteristics, which include a combination of hourglass, cylindrical and increasing diameter conical entrance shape with pore hydropathy of −0.22.

By studying natural variation in salt-induced root growth phases in Arabidopsis, we show that main root growth rate during homoeostasis and lateral root appearance contribute most to root architecture and we reveal a trade-off between investing in main and lateral root growth during salt stress.

Might a rice gene that controls root plasticity confer a similar benefit in another grain crop? Here, we evaluate the genetic variation and evolutionary history of OsPSTOL1 and demonstrate its impact in wheat.

There is no significant carbon and phosphorus exchange between AMF and colonized nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana. AMF activated the danger-associated peptide Pep-PEPR signaling pathway, which acted as a key participant in resistance to AMF colonization and in mediating growth suppression of nonhost plants.

We identified 10 cell types and constructed the first single-cell atlas of Hevea leaves. We found that the HbCNL2 gene, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein, positively modulated the defence of rubber leaves against powdery mildew.

The angiosperm immune receptor ZAR1 displays specific interactions with diverse kinases, and rationally designed single amino acid substitutions in a kinase can affect interaction sensitivity.

We performed an integrated study of cytological, physiological, and proteomic analysis of the tribenuron-methyl resistant rapeseed mutant M342 and its wild-type N131. This study identified novel proteins with putative roles in non-target-site herbicide resistance in Brassica napus.