There is increased utilization of cytopathology to provide rapid onsite evaluation of fine-needle aspiration and touch preparations of small biopsies. Different telecytology platforms for rapid onsite evaluation will be reviewed.

This paper illustrates that an assessment tool for telecytology competency for ROSE using pre-recorded dynamic streaming videos is feasible. In addition, the novel test provided users with valuable feedback about their ROSE performance and provides feedback on the challenges related to telecytology ROSE.

Distinguishing small cell lung carcinoma from large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is important for clinical management. However, making the distinction in cytology material can sometimes be challenging. Using open-source software, the authors designed a deep learning algorithm for classifying high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas in fine-needle aspirations (FNA).

Thyroid pathology has great potential for automated image analysis/artificial intelligence algorithm application on whole-slide images. Studies to date mainly deal with the assessment of immunohistochemical staining, quantification of cellular and nuclear parameters and discrimination between benign and malignant nodules. They show that correlation of automated assessment of immunohistochemical staining with manual pathologist's assessment is high and diagnostic performance of automated models is comparable with expert pathologist diagnosis

We have built an artificial neural network that can distinguish pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration cytology smears.

This article describes the promising role of the fractal dimension in differentiating between benign and malignant hyperchromatic groups of cells in liquid-based cervical smear preparations.

This study reports on the implementation of The Paris System (TPS) for urinary cytology in a centre in China. The authors conclude that TPS has contributed to the standardization of urine cytology reports and significantly improves the diagnostic sensitivity for high grade urothelial carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological features of patients with false-negative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The false-negative rate of FNAC was high (31.5%). Micrometastatic disease was seen in patients with negative FNAC, and this might be the cause of false-negative FNAC results.

Mesenchymal tumors in the urinary bladder are very uncommon and their detection in urine cytology is rarer still. Mesenchymal tumors like rhabomyosarcoma must be suspected especially in young patients with appropriate morphology and confirmed with immunohistochemical markers.

This article discusses the significance and characterisation of long branched yellowish filamentous structures found in a conventional sputum smear stained by the Papanicolaou method from a 55 year old gentleman who started immunosuppressive therapy six months previously when he had a kidney transplant.

Chondrosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumors. However, its presentation as a palpable mass in the neck is very rare, proving to be a clinical and cytological diagnostic dilemma. Identification of chondromyxoid stromal material, along with increased cellularity of the smears in conjunction with the radiological findings helps in clinching the diagnosis. Discussed here, is a case of well-differentiated chondrosarcoma, radiologically seen arising from and eroding the ribs, which could be diagnosed on FNAC done from a clinically palpable neck mass.

Imprint cytology of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is reported. The cytologic findings are described in detail and a potential diagnostic advantage of cytology over histology is discussed with a brief review of literature.

Tuberculosis of the female genital tract is often difficult to diagnose owing to the variable and non-specific clinical presentations in these patients. Cervical tuberculosis is rare and a proportion of these patients may present with cervical growth, which may clinically mimic cervical carcinoma. Cervical Papanicolaou smear examination is a non-invasive and inexpensive test that can be used to establish a diagnosis of cervical TB in these patients.

This letter discusses a previously published article in Cytopathology and provides comments the author believes allow better understanding regarding validating the micronucleus assay as a tumor marker in cervical carcinogenesis.

A new form of technology is applied to cytology specimens in an attempt to solve the problem of distinguishing follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.