The CaSR interactome characterizes the life cycle of CaSR and its signaling capacity. (1) Extracellular calcium activates CaSR and (2) mediates intracellular G-protein-coupled signaling, leading to ER calcium release by generating IP3 through phospholipase C (PLC) hydrolysis of PIP2. Treatment with extracellular calcium and alterations in ER calcium enrich the CaSR interactors, contributing to various processes within the ER (zoomed in). These processes include (3) cotranslational translocation, (4) quality control of the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, (5) ER exit of well-folded proteins, and (6) degradation of misfolded proteins. (7) The well-folded CaSR is trafficked to the cell membrane through agonist-driven insertion, where it can be (8) desensitized and (9) enter the cell through endocytosis. The endocytosed CaSR can either be (10) recycled back to the cell membrane or degraded in the lysosome.

Laboratory methods and application of machine learning for disease prediction and diagnosis. Diagnosis of diseases begins with screening a population, sample collection, processing, and quantitation with molecular/analytical methods (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR], liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometry [LC-MS], high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE]), and immunofluorescent macroscopy among others. Machine learning algorithms can discover patterns in the data generated from analytical methods and make predictions.

Age-adjusted cardiovascular disease mortality rate attributed to air pollution (per 100,000 population) in countries with different socioeconomic status, 2019 year, both sexes.

Differential expression genes in single-cell transcriptomic sequencing study. (A) Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) visualization showcasing distinct immune cell types among six cases and seven controls. (B) Volcano plot displaying differential expression genes between aortic dissection patients and controls.

COX-2 functions in the tumor microenvironment.

Format example of the Fear of Cardiac Recurrence and Progression Scale.

Trends in age-adjusted prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among adults aged ≥50 years, stratified by gender and race, the Health and Retirement Study, the United States, 2000–2020. (A) Trends in COPD prevalence by gender; (B) trends in COPD prevalence by race.

The dose distributions on each magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. (A) A representative DVH plot with four plans and dose metrics on each MRI scan after re-planning in one fraction. (B–I) Representative dose distributions of the prostate and pelvic of the Adapt-To-Shape (ATS) plan on Pre-MR (B–E) and Beam-on MR scan (F–I).

Association between cardiorenal biomarkers and all-cause mortality in MetS patients. Adjusted for age, race, gender, education, marital status, poverty income ratio, smoke status, drink status, and body mass index. The red solid line and gray area represent the estimated hazard ratio values and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals, respectively.

Exposure-response relations of physical activity (PA) with type 2 diabetes were stratified by different levels of PM_2.5 exposure. The HRs for type 2 diabetes associated with PA volume (A) and PA intensity (B) were estimated by restricted cubic-spline regression under low and high levels of PM_2.5. Solid lines represent HRs, and the shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. The models were adjusted for age, sex, urbanization, geographical region, education level, smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of type 2 diabetes, body mass index, and baseline blood glucose level.

The implication of Ca²⁺ transport proteins in cancer has been previously documented in several studies recently reviewed. Transporters highlighted in red have been biochemically documented to be S-acylated.

Young and middle-aged adult's excess type 2 diabetes risk is associated with strong family history of type 2 diabetes, especially for men.