• C202 specifically activates various STING isoforms and its downstream signalling, and exhibited high oral bioavailability and plasma exposure and displayed broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity either by local or oral administration.
• C202 activated both innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity, and importantly it induced complete tumor regression and immune memory,C202 exerts synergistic effects with chemotherapy (gemcitabine) or angiogenesis inhibitor (AL3810) in anti-tumor.

• 1. Annexin A2 is a key repair protein that works with S100A10 and other S100 proteins to execute its membrane repair and extracellular roles.
• 2. Annexin A2 is a therapeutic target because the loss of annexin A2 function enhances cellular degeneration, which exacerbates muscular dystrophy and cardiovascular disease.
• 3. Annexin A2-mediated protection is hijacked by cancer cells to enhance survival and metastasis.

The understanding of the bladder cancer tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial in both humans and dogs, with all clinical, molecular and histological similarities in order to select the effective treatment at the right time. There has been a recent improvement in the in vitro models that help recapitulate the immune-oncology TME elements.

Lp(a)consists of LDL-like particles, apo(a) and OxPL. The level of Lp(a) in thehuman body is predominantly determined by genetics, with external factorshaving minimal impact. Additionally, Lp(a) levels have been found to vary amongdifferent ethnicities. There is a notable correlation between elevated levelsof Lp(a) and coronary artery disease (CAD), which is independent of otherlipoproteins. Furthermore, there exists a linear relationship between Lp(a)levels and the risk of developing ASCVD. It is now wildly believed that Lp(a) primarilycontributes to the development of cardiovascular events through pro-inflammation,pro-thrombosis and pro-atherosclerosis. From the perspective of Lp(a)influencing inflammation, it primarily promotes the release of inflammatoryfactors. This, in turn, increases levels of vascular inflammation andfacilitates the recruitment of monocytes-macrophages. Moreover, it also affectsthe function of endothelial cells during the development process ofatherosclerosis. All these aspects complement each other and contribute to theprogression of atherosclerosis. Currently, the lipid-lowering treatment used inclinical practice can partially reduce the levels of Lp(a), but its impact oninflammation is not significant.

In this study, we pool publicly available gene expression data from clinical samples (tissue biopsies and blood samples) and derive and validate a signature of consistently deregulated genes across pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) samples. We identify molecular processes which are aberrated in PDAC and investigate microRNA involvement in pathology and progression. Finally, we harness documented pharmacogenomic interactions and results from our analysis to propose potential pharmacological interventions.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory intestinal conditions that affect an estimated 10 million people worldwide, and currently, there is no known cure for the disease. This review is focussed on the potential of Raman spectroscopy (RS) in the diagnosis and differentiation of IBD as well as the disease-indicative biomarkers, overviewing the different Raman methodologies currently applied within clinical IBD research as well as their ability to act as monitoring and therapeutic tools in the future. Additional synopsis includes the use of RS in the identification of biomarkers and how these may contribute to the non-invasive and early detection of IBD, with further in-depth summary of the primary methodologies applied in Raman-IBD analyses and a comprehensive spectral library with corresponding peak assignments from the current Raman-IBD literature, collectively, laying a platform for the introduction of new tools for advancing the understanding of the overall biochemical changes of IBDs and the development of timely diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.