Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have insulin as well as glucagon resistance but glucagon resistance toward amino acid metabolism is independent of NAFLD severity. Bariatric surgery normalizes insulin but not glucagon resistance in patients with NASH.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 86 studies and 526,641 individuals without viral hepatitis and hepatic steatosis, the ALT upper threshold was 39 in overweight patients versus 28 in normal-weight individuals, and 36 in diabetics versus 33 in nondiabetics. These findings were validated in a multicenter cohort of 6,058 patients. Diabetic and overweight patients with ALT values within these thresholds can potentially avoid extensive and possibly harmful invasive investigations after excluding viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, close monitoring and management of metabolic factors are required.

Our results showed that activation of LXRα sensitizes mice to ConA-induced AIH in an iNKT-dependent and IFN-γ-dependent manner. Our results suggest that LXRα plays an important role in the development of AIH.

Hispanic patients are more likely to have metabolic risk factors leading to their chronic liver disease risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison to non-Hispanic whites. Hispanic patients have similar overall survival despite being diagnosed with larger, more advanced HCC despite fewer curative interventions.