Oil Refinery, Chemical & Petrochemical plant. Copyright: zorazhuang

Vitamins A–E are a crucial arsenal in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. The comprehensive role played by these vitamins involves the reversal of the cytokine storm by downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine levels, preventing hypercoagulation, and thus maintaining the structural integrity of epithelial cells. This is made possible by different mechanisms highlighted herein.

The demand for renewable fuels has increased as a result of increasing human population, urbanization, industrialization, and transport systems. Here, the applicability of metal oxides and their nanocomposite-based catalysts in biodiesel production, transesterification reactions with nanocatalytic systems, and the important parameters that affect these reactions are discussed.

Biorefineries are green facilities in which lignocellulosic biomasses can be transformed into a wide range of bioproducts. For instance, organic acids are interesting molecules, as they find application in several industrial areas. The production of organic acids by filamentous fungi is the preferred route due to their ability to hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomasses and to produce organic acids.

The increase in biodiesel production depends on the availability and sustainability of both feedstocks and catalysts. A biomass feedstock like waste cooking oil which is used together with a biomass-sourced heterogeneous catalyst such as an acid-base bifunctional catalyst, without having to pretreat the waste cooking oil, could give a better quantity and quality of biodiesel in the nearest future.

The research background of gas-liquid two-phase flow and the research purpose is introduced. Then the two-phase drag force models when the discrete phase is solid particles, the drag force model when the discrete phase is single bubbles, the drag force model when the discrete phase is bubble swarms, and the drag force model when it is a turbulent flow are described. In the end a conclusion is drawn and prospects for the research are shown.

Adsorbents are an efficient way to remove industrial contaminants such as dyes from wastewater. This review focuses on the many types of adsorbents, their applications, isotherms, and the various variables that influence them. The paper also discusses the importance of research in the field of green bio-sorbents.

Textile wastewater treatment methods are overviewed with the main focus on mechanism and techno-economic analysis of the electrochemical process. Hybrid processes with electrochemical treatment and trending methods for textile wastewater treatment like photoelectrochemical and solar photoelectron-Fenton process are explained. Traditional and new electrodes for textile treatment are also discussed.