The viral and cellular N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) epitranscriptomes were changed during de novo Epstein–Barr (EBV) infection in B cells. EBV EBNA2 was a significant m⁶A-modified viral transcript, and cellular TLR9 and FAS genes' m⁶A modification levels are also modulated by EBV infection.

First, we focused on whether treatment with a virus-associated ligand and type-2 cytokine can synergistically stimulate CCL5 production in bronchial epithelial cells, in which we confirmed the synergistic effect. Second, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying the synergistical CCL5 production and found that the JAK1 is a novel therapeutic target for severe eosinophilic asthma. Finally, we have demonstrated that ruxolitinib is a potential therapeutic agent for severe corticosteroid-resistant asthma with airway eosinophilia and persistent Th2-type inflammation.

ACLY is firstly identified in sera of patients with sepsis. Serum ACLY level is an additional diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in pediatric patients with sepsis.The relationship between serum ACLY and IL-18 and underlying mechanisms involved in pathophysiology of sepsis need further study in the future.

In hospitalized adult patients with mild or severe non intensive care unit coronavirus disease 2019, canakinumab could be a valid therapeutic option. Canakinumab therapy causes rapid and long-lasting improvement in oxygenation levels in the absence of any severe adverse events.

Anti-C1q, anti-dsDNA, anti-Nucl, and anti-His perform well in diagnosing active LN and monitoring SLE disease activity. They could be indicators of LN and SLE disease activity.

Understanding pathogenesis of severity in current SARS-CoV2 pandemic is of prime importance. Another concern is the recent observations (including ours) of early, higher neutralizing antibody titers in severe disease. India is reporting >80,000/day for several weeks now. Identification of prognostic markers for severity may help identifying “extra-care-needed” patients. As a first step, this flow-cytometry based study was planned to understand (1) differences in immunologic modulations in patients with mild and severe disease (2) if we can identify early events associated with severity (3) prognostic markers for severity (4) association of functionality of immune cells with higher antibody titers in severe disease.

We performed two assays aimed to detect antigens from Toxocara third-stage larvae, and to detect anti-T-canis immunoglobulin G in children with asthma, to infer the status of the infection and its impact on the asthma severity. We detected patients with Toxocara antigens (recent infection); antigens and antibodies (active larva migrans) and only antibodies (immunological memory). There was no significant association among asthma severity and detection of antigens or antibodies against T. canis.

The SC route can be used to establish a murine model of Humulus pollen allergy that recapitulates the characteristics of clinical allergic asthma. Short-term subcutaneous immunotherapy can significantly improve symptoms and pathophysiology in asthmatic mice.

AHR was significantly enhanced in asthmatic mice with A(H1N1)pdm09 infection compared with seasonal influenza infection. AHR and pulmonary inflammation of A(H1N1)pdm09-infected mice showed peak at 7 days post infection and they were improved by 10 days postinfection. Also, AHR in asthmatic children after A(H1N1)pdm09 infection were temporarily increased, and alleviated by 3 months after discharge.

Our results suggest that active vitamin D3 reduced Salmonella colitis by decreasing inflammation and bacterial translocation via induction of killing and autophagic clearance of the pathogenic organism.

A graphical presentation summarizing the putative key role of sVCAM-1 after ST-elevation segment MI. MI: myocardial infarction, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase, oxLDL: Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.

A 70% of patients suffering from birch pollen allergy (BPA) develop a pollen-related food allergy (prFA), especially to apples. This is due to a strong clinically relevant homology between the major allergen in birch Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 in apples. Therefore a pilot trial using fresh apples for allergen-specific immunotherapy to birch pollen was performed. After 8 months of therapy, patients showed increased tolerance to apples and other birch pollen-related food allergens. Moreover, daily rhinoconjunctivitis combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) declined by 34% (p < .001), as did conjunctival reactivity to birch pollen extract by 27% (p < .01), while specific IgG4 to Mal d 1 and Bet v 1 increased (p < .01). In this small pilot trial daily apple consumption improved both birch pollen and related food allergies. If confirmed by a larger controlled trial apples could provide a natural, healthy and cost-saving causal treatment for BPA.

In this article, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in renal transplant recipients were examined. Serial measurements of HEV-RNA are helpful to determine the optimal duration of ribavirin treatment. We identified previous rituximab treatment to be a risk factor for a prolonged treatment course.

This manuscript describes how stromal cathepsin K regulates stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Transplantation experiments show that the main effect of the loss of the cathepsin K gene in vivo is a deregulated lymphocyte homeostasis, particularly the T lymphocyte subsets in the bone marrow compartment, in both autonomous and nonautonomous manners.

VCAN is not only associated with poor prognosis of GASTRIC cancer but also associated with immune infiltration, and maybe a key molecule in immunotherapy for gastric cancer.

Our research showed a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the north-east of Italy on asthmatic children. In particular: (1) The level of asthma control resulted improved during the lockdown period, likely because of the reduced exposure to typical asthma triggers due to the confinement; (2) The maintenance treatment resulted reduced in some patients, likely because of the good level of disease control, and increased in other patients, either because of symptoms or because of fear and anxiety related to the spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic.

We generated the nomogram for predicting severe COVID-19. (Our predicting model of COVID-19 patients will enable clinicians to predict the potential risk of developing critical illness and optimize medical management.) In the training cohort, the area under curves (AUCs) were 0.822 (95% CI, 0.765–0.875) and the internal validation cohort was 0.762 (95% CI, 0.768–0.844) and validated it in a prospective cohort with the AUCs of 0.705 (95% CI, 0.627–0.778).