Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Obesity plays a vital role in the development of associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by affecting several inflammatory reactions via adipose tissue, vascular, intestinal, skeletal muscle, and brain, this process is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, inflammatory factors in the blood, intestinal inflammation, skeletal muscle inflammation, and brain tissue inflammation.

Recent studies have shown that oral bacteria might induce systemic inflammation through alteration of gut microbiota. We investigated the relationship between oral and gut microbiota and evaluated the transition of oral bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract. Unweighted UniFrac distance revealed that the elderly group had a higher similarity between fecal and subgingival plaque microbiota than the adult group. Moreover, a significantly higher prevalence of some bacterial taxa found in oral samples was observed in the feces of the elderly group than of the adult group. Our results suggest that the prevalence of oral bacterial transition to gut is higher in the elderly than in adults; thus, we expect that in the elderly, oral health care will affect gut microbiota composition and consequently promote human health.

In this study, we have used the NSG-SCF/GM-CSF/IL3 (NSG-SGM3) strain of mice engrafted with human fetal thymus, liver, and HSC (BLT) to establish a novel humanized mouse model with enhanced human B cell development and function. A higher proportion of human B cells developing in NSG-SGM3 BLT mice had a mature/naive phenotype with a corresponding decrease in immature/transitional human B cells as compared to NSG BLT mice. Dengue virus infection of NSG-SGM3 BLT mice generated higher levels of antigen-specific IgM and IgG, a result not observed in NSG BLT mice.